ENCYCLOPEDIA

OF

TAEKWON-DO

GEN. CHOI HONG HI

VOLUME IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Mokcha)

TENETS OF TAEKWON-DO (7AEKWON-DO

JOUNGSAIN) sek OH ETH RHE RS я

EXPLANATION OF TENETS ‚.

FOOT TECHNIQUES (BAL 61/5001) .....

A. Attack Techniques (Gong Gyok 6) .......

High Kick (Nopunde Chagi) ...........

Middle Kick (Kaunde Chagi) ...........

Low Kick (najunde Chagi) ............

Piecing: Kick (Cha dirugi) хаосе

Side Piercing Kick (Yopcha Jirugi) ........

Back Piercing Kick (Dwitcha jirugi) .......

Back Pushing Kick (Dwitcha Milgi) .......

Side Thrusting Kick (Yopcha Tu/gi) ........

Side Pushing Kick (Yopcha Milgi) ........

Smashing Kick (Cha Busigi) ее...

Front Snap Kick (Apcha Busigi) .........

Side Front Snap Kick (Yobap Cha sue) яв

Back Snap Kick (Dwitcha Busigi) ck Bes

Stamping Kick (Cha Вард!) ...........

Turning Kick (Do/lyo Chagi) . 2... ee es

Side Turning Kick (Yop Dollyo Chagi) .....-

Donward Kick (Naeryo Chagi) ..... 4. +5 >

Pick-Shape Kick (Gok-Kaeng-/ Chag/) 1 we

Upward Kick (O/lyo Chagi) ....... etl

Reverse Turning Kick (Bandae Dollyo Chagi) . . . .

Reverse Hooking Kick (Bandae Dollyo Goro

Chany) самой JA os oe % OSs wen Ey

Twisting Kick (Bitro Chagi) Sess cua а БА Se

Vertical Kick (Sewo Chagi) .......

Pressing Kick (Noollo Chagi) .......... 80

Sweeping Kick (Suroh Chagi) .......... 83

Grasping Kick (Butjapgo Chagi) ......... 85

Straight Kick (Uigeau Chagi) ........... 87

Punching Kick (Jirumyo Chagi) ......... 88

Counter Kick (Bada Chagi) ... 1... 2s a ee 93

Foot Tackling (Ba/ Golgi) . 2... 1 .. 97

Skip Kick (Duro Gamyo Chagi) ......... 99

Two Direction Kick (Sangbang Chagi) ..... 101

Consecutive Kick (Yonsok Chagi) ....... 102

Direction of Kick (Chan Bang Нуап9) .... . 104

Flying Kick (Twimyo Chagi) .......... 109

Mid-Air Kick (Twio Dolmyo Chagi) ....... 128

Overhead Kick (Ти/о Мото Chagi) ...... 130

Flying Sissor-Shape Kick (Twimyo Kawil

Chagi) 43.5 3B eS ee ee RR ав = « 138

Flying Trapezoid Punching-Kick (7Twimyo .

Jiraniyo: Chagiy: 85s Os ee ee ee 141

Flying U-Shape Punching-Side Kick (Twio

Digutja Jirumyo Yop Chagi) ....... хоз 14

Flying Double Kick (Twimyo /-jung Chagi). . . . 146

Flying Triple Kick (Twimyo Samjung Chagi) 149

Flying Consecutive Kick (7wimyo Yonsok

СПО) eye we eS ки ee we .. 152

Flying Combination Kick (7wimyo Honap

Слай) цессе рита .. . 155

Defence Techniques (Bang Fau-gi) ....... 163

Rising Kick (Cha Olligi) ......... ae» 163

Cresent Kick (Bandal Chagi) ....... . . + 168

Waving Kick (Doro Chagi) ....... x sw 174

Checking Kick (Cha Munchugi) ..... за = 176

Hooking Kick (Golcho Chagi) ...... . . « 180

Dodging (Phihagi) ........... aw 183

Foot Shifting (Уа/ип Ва) ........ .. . 184

Stepping (Omgyo Didigi) ........

Sliding (Mikulgi) . 2... 0... we,

Tuming (Bolg); sa 68 BESS EES

Jumping (Тимо... .

Body Dropping (Mom Nachugi) .....

Foot Lifting (Ba/ Du/gi) .........

. Ground Foot Techniques (Noowo Bal Gisoo/)

АБВ « 2 e w 46 MLE Ewe BE Se «

INdEX злаки ER RRR aE HB ew

Taekwon-Do in Korean Character

GEN. CHO! HONG HI

President

International Taekwon-Do Federation

THE ТЕМЕТ$ OF TAEKWON-DO

(Taekwon-Do Jungshin)

TAEKWON-DO AIMS TO ACHIEVE

Courtesy (Ye U/) Integrity (Yom Chi) Perseverance (/n Nae) Self-Control (Guk Gi) Indomitable Spirit (Baekju/ Boolgoo/)

SP ave else

Sesto a wi

wg PHYS WE eh

Were sal

EXPLANATION OF TENETS

Needless to say, the success or failure of Taekwon-Do training depends

largely on how one observes and implements the tenets of Taekwon-Do which

should serve as a guide for all serious students of the art.

COURTESY (Ye Ui) Taekwon-Do students should attempt to practise the following elements

of courtesy to build up their noble character and to conduct the training in an

orderly manner as well.

1) To promote the spirit of mutual concessions 2) To be ashamed of one’s vices, contempting those of others 3) To be polite to one another 4) To encourage the sense of justice and humanity 5) To distinguish instructor from student, senior from junior, and elder

from younger

6) To behave oneself according to etiquette 7) To respect others’ possesions 8) To handle matters with fairness and sincerity 9) To refrain from giving or accepting any gift when in doubt

12

INTEGRITY (Yom Chi)

In Taekwon-Do, the word integrity assumes a looser definition than the

one usually presented in Webster's dictionary. One must be able to define right

and wrong, and have the conscience, if wrong, to feel guilt. Listed are some

examples, where integrity is lacking:

1. The instructor who misrepresents himself and his art by presenting

improper techniques to his students because of a lack of knowledge or

apathy.

2. The student who misrepresents himself by “fixing” breaking materials

before demonstrations.

3. The instructor who camouflages bad techniques with luxurious

training halls and false flattery to his students.

4. The student who requests rank from an instructor, or attempts to purchase it. 5. The student who gains rank for ego purposes or the feeling of power. 6. The instructor that teaches and promotes his art for materialistic gains. 7. The student whose actions do not live up the words. 8. The student who feels ashamed to seek opinions from his juniors.

PERSEVERANCE (/n Nae)

There is an old Oriental saying, “Patience leads to virtue or merit” “One

can make a peaceful home by being patient for 100 times.” Certainly,

happiness and prosperity are most likely brought to the patient person. To

achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection of a

technique, one must set his goal, then constantly persevere. Robert Bruce

learned his lesson of perseverance from the persistant efforts of a lowly spider.

It was this perseverence and tenacity that finally enabled him to free Scotland

in the fourteenth century. One of the most important secrets in becoming a

leader of Taekwon-Do is to overcome every difficulty by perseverance.

Confucious said; “one who is impatient in trivial matters can seldom

achieve success in matters of great importance.”

13

SELF-CONTROL (Guk Gi)

This tenet is extremely important inside and

outside the do jang, whether conducting oneself in

free sparring or in one’s personal affairs. A loss of self-

control in free sparring can prove disasterous to both

student and opponent. An inability to live and work

within one’s capability or sphere is also a lack of self-

control.

According to Lao-Tzu “the term of stronger is the

person who wins over oneself rather than someone

else.”

INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (8aekju/ Boolgool)

“Here lie 300, who did their duty,” a simple

epitaph for one of the greatest acts of courage known

to mankind.

Although facing the superior forces of Xerxes,

Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at Thermopylae

showed the world the meaning of indomitable spirit. It

is shown when a courageous person and his prin-

ciples are pitted against overwhelming odds.

A serious student of Taekwon-Do will at all times

be modest and honest. If confronted with injustice, he

will deal with the belligerent without any fear or

hesitation at all, with indomitable spirit, regardless of

whosoever and however many the number may be.

Confucius declared, “it is an act of cowardice to

fail to speak out against injustice.”

As history has proven those who have pursued

their dreams earnestly and strenuously with indomit-

able spirit have never failed to achieved their goals.

14

А ahs

“Pursue one’s own goal”

IMPORTANT: Due to the distortion of distance apparent in photographs, the angle of

the feet in stances may appear slightly out of position. The student,

therefore, is encouraged to refer to the feet illustrations rather than the

photograph itself.

Parallel stance

Sitting stance

16

Walking Stance (Gunnun 5098)

Front View

Back View

L-Stance (Niunja Sogi)

Front View

Back View

7

FOOT TECHNIQUES (Ва! Gisoo/)

Taekwon-Do is widely recognized for its superiority in foot

techniques, not only in their use as attacking tools, but also for the

imaginative manner in which the feet are employed in blocking,

dodging and the myriad of flying motions that offer the student the

facility of speed, balance, flexibility, adroitness, coordination, and so

on.

First let us examine the foot techniques as employed in attack

and defence.

18

А. ATTACK TECHNIQUES (Gong Gyok Gi)

These are classified into piercing kicks,thrusting kicks, smashing kicks,

pressing kicks, pushing kicks, straight kicks, sweeping kicks, consecutive

kicks and flying kicks.

10.

The common principles of all these hele are:

The maximum use of the knee spring of the stationary leg should always

be employed.

To prepare oneself for the next motion and to prevent the leg from being

grabbed, the kicking foot must be withdrawn immediately after the kick

with few exceptions.

Body weight should be shifted to the kicking leg at the point of contact,

then shifted back to the stationary leg.

A strong stance should be maintained with the stationary foot.

Once the kick to be delivered is decided, the body must be adjusted

toward the target.

Do not allow the stationary foot to pivot at the moment of impact.

Never raise the heel of the stationary foot at the moment of impact.

The knee of the stationary leg must be bent slightly to maintain the

balance at the point of impact, except in the case of a pressing kick.

The range and point of focus must be calculated exactly. An adjustment

must be made for the opponent who is either too close or too far from

the attacker.

With few exceptions, every movement must begin with a backward

motion to gain momentum, increasing mass and velocity.

19

High Kick (Nopunde Chagi)

If the attacking tool re-

aches the same level of the

attacker's eyes at the moment

of impact, it is called a high

attack.

The attacking tool can

reach the temple, philtrum,

armpit, solar plexus or other

vital spots depending on the

height of the opponents.

Standing naturally When kicking Short opponent

Taller opponent

Middle Kick (Kaunde Chagi)

If the attacking tool reaches the same level of the attacker's

shoulder at the moment of impact, it is called a middle kick.

Standing naturally

When kicking

Low Kick (Najunde Chagi)

When the attacking tool reaches the same level of the unbilicus

of the attacker at the moment of impact, it is called a low attack.

Standing naturally When kicking

22

Shorter opponent Same height Taller Opponent

Same height Very short Shorter

23

24

Students of Taekwon-Do should correctly understand the following

terminology.

Double Kick (/-/Jung Chagi) If the same type of kick is delivered twice in succession in the

same direction by the same foot, it is called a “double kick, and can be

executed against one or two opponents.

Triple Kick (Samjung Chagi) М the same type of kick is delivered three times in succession in

the same direction by the same foot, it is called a triple kick.

Consecutive Kick (Yonsok Chagi)

When two or more kicks are executed in succession by the same

foot in different directions and or with different tools.

Combination Kick (Honhap Chagi)

When both feet are used р deliver two or more kicks in

succession, it is called a combination kick. This terminology,

however, is used only for flying kicks.

Piercing Kick (Cha Jirugi)

Both the theory and purpose of this technique are very similar to those

of a punch. and consists of side and back piercing kick.

Side Piercing Kick (Yopcha Jirugi) Without a doubt, this is one of the most effective techniques for

attacking an opponent at the flank. The footsword is employed as an

attacking tool against the temple, armpit, floating ribs, and neck artery. The

philtrum, point of the chin, and solar plexus are secondary targets.

This technique is broken down into low, middle and high side piercking

kicks.

Basic principles to be observed:

1. The attacking tool must reach the target in a straight line with a

revolving motion,

2. Regardless of the stance, the footsword must be brought to the inner

knee joint of the stationary leg prior to delivering the kick.

3. Keep the toes of the kicking foot faced slightly downwards and the toes

of the stationary foot pointed about 75 degrees outwards at the

moment of impact.

4. For the maximum height, lean the body away from the kick as far as

possible while still maintaining the balance.

5. Do not attempt to kick diagonally since this is a waste of power.

6. Unless advised otherwise by an instructor, execute a high punch using

a right fist with a right foot and vice versa.

7. The stationary foot pivots allowing the hip to rotate with the kick.

25

Ready to kick

If the defender (right) blocks the kicking foot,

then the attacker delivers a high punch.

Kicking Withdrawing

Double Side Piercing Kick

Only vertical kick is possible.

Block is possible with a palm.

CORRECT

INCORRECT Block is possible with a straight elbow.

1, Attacked by the opponent even be fore executi ng a side piercing kick.

2. Hard to execute a side punch with

the forefist while

3. No defence is possible against the

opponent's attacking tool .

28

INCORRECT

The heel is off the ground, therefore both

the power and static balance are inhibited.

The attacker is off balance

and can be toppled easily.

Body loses resistance at

the point of contact.

INCORRECT

The arm must be kept Forearm is grabbed by the

within sight. opponent from the rear.

INCORRECT

The knee of the stationary

leg is straight

Not only hard to maintain the balance

but also apt to be toppled when kicked

properly.

The knee joint of the stationary leg can

be shattered easily by the pressing kick.

No defence is possible

when grabbed,

30

INCORRECT wien os

The kicking foot is not brought to the sae ak: is 2 side rising

stationary knee joint at the start of the me Wen ove

kick

INCORRECT The hip and abdomen have failed to jerk, because the stationary foot has

not pivoted at all throughout the kick thus inhibiting power.

The same thing is appliable to a side thrusting kick.

INCORRECT

The kick is delivered to the side rear instead of the flank,

prohibiting a kick with an absolutely straight leg.

32

INCORRECT The ball of the kicking foot is facing

the ground instead of the stationary

knee joint.

The footsword reaches the

target without twisting.

The point of impact is near the toe

edge instead of the footsword, thus

the kick is off focus.

It is not desirable to use a side

piercing kick against a front facing

opponent.

The attacking foot can

be easily blocked.

As a result the attacker

is easily toppled.

No defence is possible against

а counter attack

33

Back Piercing Kick (Owitcha Jirugi)

This kick is quite effective for attacking an

opponent approaching from the rear. The

footsword is used as an attacking tool. The

advantage of this technique is the ability to

reach a long distance even without chang-

ing the direction of the body.

Keep the toes of the stationary foot poin-

ted to the front with the ankle of the kicking

foot bent at a 45 degree angle at the moment

of impact

Ready to kick

Back Pushing Kick (Dwitcha Milgi)

The procedure of this kick is the same as

that of the back piercing kick with the

exception that the knee is slightly bent at the

moment of impact and the back sole is the

attacking tool.

34

Kick is delivered. Withdrawing

Ready to kick Kicking Pushing

Side Thrusting Kick (Yopcha Tu/gi) This is a variation of a side piercing kick and

one of the advantages of this technique is the

ability to attack the front of the opponent's

body at a distance

The ball of the foot is the attacking tool

which reaches the target in a straight line with

the slightest revolving, and it must be vertical

to the target with the ankle stretched at the

moment of impact.

The toes can be also used if wearing shoes.

Toes point downward.

Side Pushing Kick (Yopcha Milgi)

This is a variation of a side piercing kick. This technique,

however, utilizes only weight or mass without acceleration and

power, therefore losing the piercing force and naturally rapid

withdrawal of the kicking foot becomes less important. The foots-

word is the only attacking tool used with this technique.

Unlike other kicks, this particular one can be executed only from

sitting, diagonal and parallel stances. Be sure to cross the other foot

rapidly past where the kicking foot had been placed while kicking

and push the target momentarily.

Ready to kick

Smashing Kick (Cha Busigi)

Both the purpose and method of this technique are similar to

those of striking techniques of hand. Smashing kicks are divided into

front snap kick, back snap kick, turning kick, twisting kick, reverse

turning kick, reverse hooking kick, vertical kick, downward kick,

pick-shape kick, straight kick, pressing kick and stamping kick. Most

of the attacking tools reach the target with the least revolving or

without revolving.

Front Snap Kick (Apcha Busigi)

This technique is designed to attack an opponent in the front.

The face, solar plexus. abdomen, scrotum, armpit and floating ribs are

the targets. It is performed with the ball of the foot, instep, toes and

knee, and is broken down into low and middle front snap kicks as far

as the ball of the foot and foes are concerned

=

The common principles of this kick:

. The stationary leg must be relaxed at the moment of impact.

. The knee of the kicking leg must be brought shaply toward the

chest prior to kicking. These two motions must be coordinated in

one smooth, swift action.

. The attacking tool must reach the target in a straight line.

. The kicking foot must be withdrawn immediately after the kick

and brought back to the ground or the floor.

. Carefully gauge the height and distance of the target and

calculate the feasibility of using the kick

. The toes of the stationary foot should point to the front at the

moment of impact.

. The stationary foot must not pivot throughout the kicking.

Ball of the Foot The target is varied according to the

height and position of the opponent. It is

advisable not to kick any target higher than

one’s own solar plexus, Be sure to bend the

ankle and toes of the kicking foot slightly

upward

The ball of the foot is used at a normal

distance.

Ready to kick

42

Kick is delivered. Withdrawn

Double Front Snap Kick

Only vertical kick is possible.

INCORRECT

The attacker has difficulty reacting to a block and

furthermore the kick itself lacks smashing force

because of no snap motion.

INCORRECT The ankle is not bent, resulted in

kicking with toes instead of the

ball of the foot.

This reduces flexibility and could cause the

attacker to fall backward if the kick is

delivered against an unyielding force.

INCORRECT

The stationary leg

is straight.

INCORRECT The front snap kick should not be applied to any target higher than the

attacker's solar plexus.

It is not only ineffective but the ball of the foot loses its purpose as а smashing

tool.

The trajectory of the kick, once it passes a certain point, will result in a loss of

balance.

INCORRECT

The kicking foot can easily be scooped by the opponent should the leg fail to be

bent prior to kicking.

45

Toes

This is used only to attack the groin area. The

target, however, are increased greatly in number if

wearing shoes

This technique is utilized when attempting to

gain the maximum distance from your kick

The kicking procedure is exactly the same as that

of the ball ofthe foot except that the toes are st

raight at the moment. of impact.

Ready to kick

Кпее The knee is used to attack and opponent who is

very close to the attacker. The kick is executed

when the stationary leg is bent

Keep the toes of the stationary foot pointed to the

front at the moment of impact.

Kick is delivered.

Instep

The instep is used when the opponent

is rather close. The kicking procedure is

exactly the same as that of the ball of the

foot.

The scrotum is the only target Be sure to bend both the toes and the

ankle sharply downward at the moment

of impact

50

Ready to kick

Kick is delivered.

Withdrawn

INCORRECT The instep has failed to attack the

target because neither the toes nor

the ankle is bent downward.

51

As shown below the selection of attacking tool

entirely depends on the distance.

When the opponent is standing

at a relatively far distance

When the opponent is standing

at a close distance

When the opponent is standing

at a closer distance

52

Side Front Snap Kick (Yobap Cha Busigi)

This technique is used in attacking an opponent located at the

side front and is chiefly executed from rear foot, vertical and L-

stances. Both the principle and method of kicking are the same as

those of a front snap kick with the exception that the body is half

facing the opponent at the moment of impact.

The ball of the foot is the primary weapon while the instep and

toes are secondary.

Ball of the Foot

Instep

The scrotum is the only

target for the instep

Toes

The targets are greatly increased

in number when wearing shoes.

55

Back Snap Kick (Owitcha Busigi)

The back snap kick is used to attack an opponent who is

appreaching from the rear, without changing the direction of the

stance. This technique is especially useful in attacking the opponent

who is holding with a rear grab.

The back heel is the attacking too! while the scrotum is the

target. Be sure to lean the body slightly forward while kicking.

The back Нее! reaches the target in a straight line and maximum

knee spring must be used with the stationary leg.

Stamping Kick (Cha Bapgi)

The kick is used to attack the opponent's instep while he is

holding either from the front or the rear. This technique can also be

used against an opponent approaching from the front and, it is

especially effective in attacking the opponent who has fallen down

The back sole is mainly used, though occasionally the side sole

Turning Kick (Dollyo Chagi)

The turning kick is ideal for attacking an

opponent positioned at the side front, and is

usually performed with the ball of the foot, instep

and knee, however, the toes can be used as well if

wearing shoes

The turning must be executed from a suitable

position, and if the position is awkward for this

kick, the attacker must swiftly move into a

suitable position

This kick is normally executed from the rear

foot, though occasionally the front foot.

This technique is classified into low, middle

and high turning kicks.

The main principles of this kick are

1. The hip must be swung forward to enable the

foot to reach the target in an arc.

2. The ball of the foot must be vertical to the

target at the moment of impact.

3. The foot must have reached the apex of the

kick shortly before contact so the toes are

pointed slightly downward at the instant of

contact

4. The toes of the stationary foot should point 45

degrees outward at the moment of impact.

5. The kicking leg must not be bent more than

absolutely necessary at the moment of

impact.

6. Do not attempt to kick the target positioned at

the direct front.

7. The arms must be kept within sight while

kicking

58

Ball of the Foot

The ball of the foot is the most powerful weapon in a turning kick. The

face, solar plexus, and scrotum are the primary targets, with armpit, temple,

and neck as secondary targets.

High Middle Low

Swinging Kicking Withdrawing

59

The target is at

the side front.

COREECT

The attacker has moved into a

suitable position.

Double Turning Kick

Only vertical kick

is possible

60

INCORRECT The ball of the foot has passed by

the target even though pivoting

the stationary foot while kicking

because the opponent is directly

in front.

INCORRECI The attack ean be misjudged

quite easily if directed against the

ribs

The front body, in this case, pre-

sents the best target.

INCORRECT Effectiveness is reduced due to

the absence of a downward pres-

sing force.

The heel must remain higher than

the ball of the foot at the moment

of impact.

INCORRECT

The power is reduced due to the

lack of swing

Toes The principle of kicking procedure is

exactly the same as that of the ball of the foot

and the use of it becomes broader when

wearing shoes, especially

venient in attacking the tar

s it is very con

get in distance

Knee

The knee is employed in attacking the target at the closest range, and

the principle of kicking is basically the same as that of the ball of the foot

The kick, however, is executed at the moment when kicking knee is bent

Instep

The instep is normally used to attack relatively soft targets such as the

neck, jaw, lips or abdomen, If the attacker is wearing shoes, the use of this

technique becomes broader beeause the vital spot on the instep is then

protected,

The kicking procedure is the same as a kick with the ball of the foot

except that the toes are not pointed downward and the knee is bent to а lesser

degree at the moment of impact.

A turning kick with the instep can occasionally be employed against an

tudent, but in most cases this

opponent standing directly т front of th

technique is more effective when executed at a 90-degree angle

Side Turning Kick (Yop Dollyo Chagi)

This is a variation of a turning kick. One of the advantage is the

ability to attack the opponent standing abreast or in front at a

relatively greater distance.

The ball of the foot and instep are the attacking tools. The toes of the stationary foot should point about 75 degrees

outward while the kicking leg is kept straight at the moment of

impact

It is also divided into low, middle and high side turning kicks,

Downward Kick (Naeryo Chagi)

This kick is useful for attacking an opponent by passing over an

obstacle such as another person.

The back heel reaches the target in a downward line from the

apex of the kick. The point of focus should not be lower than the

attacker's own solar plexus because this may cause loss of power.

The skull is the main target, with the clavicle the secondary target

Pick-Shape Kick (Gok-Kaeng-/ Chagi) This is a variation of a downward kick. The attacking tool

reaches the target in a vertical line, and besides its attacking role is

frequently used in harassing and keeping away the opponent. The

back heel and the ball of the foot are used as the attacking tools. Be

sure to keep the kicking leg straight while it is rising

The heel of the stationary foot normally is off the ground while

raising

Back Heel The skull and clavical are the primary targets, with the chest and

face secondary. The point of focus should not be lower than the

attackers own shoulder and the leg should be bent about 45 degrees

at the moment of impact

Ball of the Foot The face is the primary target

with the jaw and the temple

secondary

Keep the leg slightly bent at the

moment of impact.

Upward Kick (O//yo Chagi)

This technique is used in attacking the

solar plexus or the chest at a close range.

Be sure to pull down the opponents head

or shoulder with both hands while kicking.

Side View

INCORRECT

Both hands are dropped too low, thus ignoring

the purpose of this technique

69

Reverse Turning Kick (Валдае Dollyo Chagi)

This is a reverse form of a turning kick used against an opponent

at the side rear. It is mainly performed with the back heel but

occasionally the ball of the foot is used

This technique can be performed with either front or rear foot as

far as the stationary kick is concerned. Because the effectiveness of

this kick depends on maximum speed while turning, special care

should be taken to maintain the balance and posture.

It is broken down low, middle and high reverse turning kicks.

Back Heel

This is used in attacking the philtrum, temple, solar plexus chest, ribs

and abdomen

Keep the kicking leg straight always.

Kick with the rear foot

Kick with the front foot

Ball of the Foot The face and jaw are the targets. The

kicking leg must be slightly bent at the

moment of impact у

Reverse Hooking Kick (Bandae Оо/уо Gorochagi)

This is a variation of a reverse turning kick, and has dual

purposes; one is to kick, and the other to hook the opponent who

moves in during the execution of kicking.

Basic principles to be borne in mind:

1. Bring the heel close to the body soon after the kick.

2. Bend the kicking leg properly during the kick.

Ready to kick Turning

Application

z

£

Е

3

=

= Е

Twisting Kick (Bituro Chagi)

If the attacking tool approaches the target area describing an

outcurved line the kick can be defined as a twisting kick which is

divided into low, middle and high twisting kicks

The foot should be vertical to the target at the moment of impact

except for the case of high twisting kick.

Low Twisting Kick (Najunde Bituro Chagi)

It is used in attacking the opponent in

front. The inner thigh presents the best

target for this kick, and the ball of the foot

is the supreme weapon, though occa-

sionally the knee and toes are used.

Double Twisting Kick

Only vertical kick

is possible

74

Middle Twisting Kick (Kaunde Bituro Chagi)

This kick is used for attacking the opponent at

the side front. The philtrum, solar plexus and

scrotum are the main targets while the ball of the

foot and instep are chiefly used, though occa-

sionally the knee or toes are used.

Instep

Ball of the Foot

Knee

Toes

They can be used only when

wearing shoes.

75

Instep

The face. solar plexus and abdomen

- the targets. High twisting kick

with an instep is not possible

Middle Double Twisting Kick

Only vertical kick is possible

76

High Twisting Kick (Nopunde Bituro Chagi)

This technique is employed in attacking

the opponent at the side rear. The face is

only target, and the ball of the foot is chiefly

used, though occasionally the toes can be

used when wearing shoes.

Keep the back heel faced front at the

moment of impact

Ball of the Foot

78

Vertical Kick (Sewo Chagi)

This technique is employed in attacking the

target from a 90 degree angle. It is performed

mainly with the footsword and occasionally

with the reverse footsword.

The foot must be vertical to the target while

bending the leg about 30 degrees at the

moment of impact

The attacking tool reaches the target in an

arc.

Footsword

Ready to kick Kick is delivered.

Application

Reverse Footsword

The solar plexus and face are the

targets Ready to kick Kick is delivered.

79

80

Pressing Kick (/Моо/о Chagi)

Although the primary role of this technique is to break the knee

joint or calf bone, it can also be used for other purposes

This kick is divided into inward and outward kicks. The point of

focus should be lower than the knee joint of the stationary leg

Outward Kick (Bakuro Chag/)

The knee joint and shin are the main

targets with the temple. philtrum and solar

plexus as secondary targets.

The stationary knee will lock at the

moment of impact. and the body should

lean slightly away from the kicking foot.

Footsword is used as the tool

Inward Kick (Anuro Chagi)

This kick is chiefly executed against the fossa,

and occasionally the inner or outer knee joint.

The knee spring of the stationary leg must be

utilized correctly.

Keep the leg slightly bent at the moment of

impact. Side sole serves as the attacking tool.

Ready to kick Kick is delivered.

Sweeping Kick (Suroh Chagi)

The sweeping kick is quite effective in

breaking the opponent's balance. It is norm-

ally executed to the outer ankle joint. The

side sole and the back heel are the tools.

Sweeping with a side sole

Grasping Kick (Виардо Chagi)

This technique is designed to use against

two opponents simultaneously. One op-

ponent can be kicked with either one foot or

both feet while the second person is being

grabbed by either one hand or both hands.

Grasping with one hand

85

aT

Straight Kick (Jigeau Chagi)

This kick is used against the target and is classified into front and

back straight kicks. Back heel is the attacking tool which reaches the

target ina slant. Be sure to keep both legs straight while kicking.

Front Straight Kick

Back Straight Kick

87

Punching-Kick (Jirumyo Chagi)

This technique is used against two or three opponents simul-

taneously and itis classified into a U-shape punching -kick and a side

punching-kick

U-Shape Punching-Kick

(Digutja Jirumyo Chagi)

This is useful in attacking one op-

ponent at the side with a side kick while

punching the other opponent in front

with a twin fist

Side Punching-Kick (Yop Jirumyo Chagi)

This technique is performed with a twin fist while executing

a front snap kick or a back piercing kick.

Side Punching Front Kick Application

88

Side Punching Back Piercing Kick Application

Top View

Front Punching-Kick (Ap Jirumyo Chagi)

This technique is performed with a single or twin

fist in conjunction with a back piercing kick.

Horizontal Striking-Kick (Soopyong Taerimyo Chagi)

This technique is used in attacking three opponents simul-

taneously and is performed with twin knife-hand, twin side-fist, twin

back fist or twin back hand, together with either a front snap kick,

back snap kick and/or back piercing kick.

Twin Kinife-Hand Striking-Kick

Twin Side Fist Striking-Kick

Twin Back -Hand Striking-Kiek

Thrusting-Kick (7u/omyo Chagi) This technique is performed with flat fingertip and twin side

elbow. The former is used against two opponents and the latter three

opponents simultaneously

Flat Fingertip This technique is performed in combination with a back piercing

or side piercing kick. The former is accompanied with a front thrust,

whereby the latter with a side thrust

re a

Twin Horizontal Elbow

This is accompanied with

а front snap kick.

Counter Kick (Bada Chagi)

A kick delivered as a counter to an

opponent's kick is called a counter kick.

Since this type of kick involves great risk,

superiority of the speed over the op-

ponent is crucial. Side piercing and turn-

ing kicks are normally used for this tech-

nique, though occasionally front snap

kick, twisting kick or outward pressing

kick is used.

93

Foot Tackling (Ва/ Golgi)

This is actually a take down or throwing technique, and is

normally executed with a pull or push to the opponent's hand or

body. The footsword, side sole and back heel are used as the tools

Tackling with a Back Heel

side se

Tackling with a

Tackling with а Pootsword

Skip Kick (Durokamyo Chagi)

This technique is useful for attacking an opponent at a distance.

Accordingly, the kick is delivered while closing in or pursuing the

opponent with a skipping motion. The attacking tools are the ball of

the foot, the footsword and the back heel. The skip kick is chiefly

performed from a rear foot stance although occasionally an L-stance

is used.

The primary attack techniques are turning and side piercing

kicks. Reverse turning, hooking and twisting kicks are employed as

secondary attacks. Be sure to avoid skipping more than half a

shoulder’s width at a time.

Skip Side Piercing Kick

Skip Kick

INCORRECT

The kic executed in a jumping

motion tead of skiping, thus

missing the target

Two Direction Kick (Sangbang Chagi)

Middle Twisting Kick

As the name indicates this technique is used

in attacking two opponents simultaneously ap

proaching from two different directions. This can

be executed from a sitting position or a lying

down position shown in the ground technique of

this volume.

Be sure to support the body with both hands

while kicking.

The ball of the foot and footsword are used as

the attacking tools.

Side - Twisting Kick Outward Vertical Kick

101

102

Consecutive Kick (Yonsok Chagi)

This, as the term applies, means the technique of using two or

more kicks with the same foot against a single or several opponents

in succession and can be executed either after offensive or defensive

kick

The secret to be borne in mind is that a good balance must be

maintained at all times with the stationary foot so that the kicking

foot can execute a continuous kick without lowering it to the ground

or floor. This technique can be executed with any combination of

kicks, for example, front snap kick with side rising kick, reverse

hooking kick with side piercing kick or crescent kick with twisting

kick and turning kick and so on. This is classified into double kick,

triple kick and so on

te

Side Thrusting

Hooking Kick Turning Kick

Reverse Turning Kick

Front Snap Kick

Middle Turning Kick

Crescent Kick

103

Turning Kick

Hooking Kick

7

, = —y

Side Piercing Kick

a

Reverse Turning Kick

As the illustrations indicate, any number of targets

can be attacked or blocked in succession if the

balance is well maintained with the stationary leg.

105

Direction of Kick

(Chan Bang Hyang)

Since each and every move-

ment in Taekwon-Do is scien-

tifically organized, it should be

relatively simple to deduce

which type of offensive or de-

fensive kick is most appropri-

ate for any given situation

Study the following _ illustra -

tions with particular regard to

the foot positions in relation

to the positions of the targets.

A. Represents a front snap kick

B. Crescent kick

C. Side piercing kick D. Low twisting kick E. Back piercing kick Е. Reverse turning kick G. Turning kick H. Hooking kick.

106

108

Flying Kick (7wimyo Chagi)

It is very obvious that the most exceptional flying techniques can only

be found in Taekwon-Do. No other martial art can come close in number or

technique to the various kicks used in Taekwon-Do.

Certain detractors claim that flying techniques are both impractical and

vulunerable, but the words are usually uttered through ignorance or as an

apology for their own lack of flying techniques. Numerous Taekwon-Do

instructors, with years of experience, can testify that a well-executed flying

kick, conducted with speed, is not only extremely devastating, but has the

added advantage of surprise.

The student who has taken the time to master a flying kick is able to

spring into the air with any number of kicks from a stationary stance, even

without the benefit of an additional step.

Flying kicks have a number of advantages: They perfect balance,

develop coordination, condition muscles and are invaluable for attacking

the high section of the body with foot as well as developing timing and

focus. They are also effective for vaulting obstacles without exposing

oneself to an attack, for leaping over a pole, culb or knife attack, and for

stopping an onrushing or fleeing opponent, closing distances, and driving

through an encirclement of several opponents.

A flying kick is performed with either one motion from the spot or

several motions while running; the former is most practical at a closest

distance, the latter at further distances.

The following principles must be observed with all flying kicks.

1. The kick must be executed when the body reaches the apex of the jump.

2. With few exceptions, the back must be straight at the moment of impact.

3. The non-kicking foot must be tucked and not drooped at the moment of

impact.

4. Immediately after kicking, resume а good posture and balance.

5. Proper stance must Бе regained at the moment of landing.

109

Flying Front Kick (Twimyo Ар Chagi)

This kick is usually performed in two motions. The first kick not

only adds momentum,but is also used to kick aside the blocking hand

while the opposite kick attacks the face. Flying kicks can be executed

from nearly any stance, though the rear foot and L-stances are

favored. The Ба! of foot is the attacking tool.

Front View

Flying Side Front Kick (7wimyo Yobap Chagi)

The procedure of kicking is the same as that of

a side front snap kick except the flying motion

Flying Turning Kick (Тиитуо Dollyo Chagi)

The method of kicking is the same as that of a turning kick except

that the arm is extended in the opposite direction at the moment of

impact. The ball of the foot is the prime weapon, though the toes and

instep can be used in rare cases.

Flying

Flying Reverse Turning Kick

(Twimyo Bandae Dollyo Chagi)

The method of kick is also the same as that of

a reverse turning kick except the flying motion.

Back heel is the primary tool, though ball of

the foot is occasionally used.

This technique is performed with the rear

foot only.

Flying

Squatting Position

116

Ball of the Foot

117

Flying

Flying Side Piercing Kick (Twimyo Yopcha Jirugi)

The principles of the technique are exactly the same as those of

the side piercing kick except the flying motion. The following

constants apply.

1. The instant the attacking leg straightens out the supporting leg

should be tucked sharply while bending its ankle backward.

2. Bring the knee of the attacking leg to the chest immediately after

contact to prepare a correct and balanced landing.

118

Landing

Kicking

Flying Side Thrusting Kick (Twimyo Yopcha Tulgi)

The procedure of kicking is the same as that of the flying side

piercing kick though the ball of the foot is used instead of the

footsword.

The attacking tool must be vertical to the target at the moment of

impact.

120

Flying Side Pushing Kick (7wimyo Yopcha Milgi)

The purpose of this technique is the same as the side pushing

kick.

The procedures of kicking are as follows:

1. Attacking leg should be bent properly at the moment of the kick.

2. Keep the attacking foot pushing the target momentarily.

Kicking

Flying Back Kick (7wimyo Dwit Chagi)

The principle of this technique is the same as that

of a back pushing kick except the flying motion.

Spinning

Flying

122

Flying Twisting Kick (7wimyo Вйиго Chagi)

The method of kick is the same as that of

twisting kick except the flying motion.

Middle Twisting Kick

Kicking

Flying

High Twisting Kick

Flying

Kicking

Flying Vertical Kick (7wimyo Sewo Chagi)

The principles of this technique are the same as those of a

vertical kick except the flying motion.

It is classified into flying inward and outward kicks.

Footsword

Flying

Kicking

Flying

Reverse Footsword

124

126

Kicking

Jumping

Flying High Kick (Twimyo Nopi Chagi)

This is used to attack an extremely tall op-

ponent ог a target т a high place. The ball of the

foot is the main weapon though the toes can be

effectively used when wearing shoes. Do not

drop the foot while kicking with the other foot.

Flying high kick

from the spot

Mid-Air Kick (Ти/о Dolmyo Chagi)

The method of kicking is exactly same as the

flying side piercing or thrusting kick except that

kick is executed while spinning in the air. Since

the direction in which the kick will be delivered

cannot be seen until the moment the kick is

performed this technique is highly valued as a

surprise attack. Spinning is executed either in

360 degrees or 180 degrees. Footsword is chiefly

used, though occasionally the ball of the foot.

Spinning

Ready to kick

Overhead Kick (7wio Мото Chagi)

This is normally employed in attacking an opponent over or

through an obstacle. This is also used in diverting the opponent's

direction.

The important thing to remember is that the span can be greatly

increased by swinging the feet while flying. Be sure to keep the body

in a horizontal position when flying through an obstacle.

Footsword is the only tool for this technique.

130

Overhead Double Kick (7wio Мото /-/ипо Chagi)

The principle is the same as an overhead kick with

the exception of a double kicking motion

Flying Downward Kick (Тиитуо Маегуо Chagi)

The method of kicking is the same as that of

the downword kick except the flying motion.

Flying Kicking

Flying Twin Foot Front Kick (7wimyo Sangbal Ap Chagi)

This kick is quite effective against a single target or double

targets, and is broken into front snap kick and front checking kick.

Flying Kicking

Single Target Double Target

Flying Twin Foot Front Checking Kick

(Twimyo Sangbal Apcha Momchugi)

Single Target

Double Target

Flying Twin Foot Side Piercing Kick

(Twimyo Sangbal Yopcha Jirugi)

This is a useful technique in attacking two targets simul-

taneously. The side sole is the attacking tool for the lower leg which

must be slightly bent at the moment of impact.

134

Flying Double Foot Side Pushing Kick

(Twimyo Doobal Yopcha Milgi)

This technique is used in pushing an opponent away with both

soles. Keep the lower leg slightly bent at the moment of impact

When the right foot is on the top, it is called a right double foot

and vice versa.

Flying Twin Foot Turning Kick (Тийтоуо Sangbal Dollyo

Chagi)

Only the ball of the foot is used for this technique, and the

position of the foot is higher than the hip at the moment of impact.

135

Flying Twin Foot Middle Twisting Kick

(Twimyo Sangbal Kaunde Bituro Chagi)

This is a very effective technique in attacking both sides

simultaneously while flying. The ball of the foot is used as the

attacking tool which should be vertical to the target at the moment

impact.

Ready to kick Kicking

Flying

Flying Twin Foot Middle

Twisting Kick

136

Flying Twin Foot High Kick (7wimyo Sangbal Мор! Chagi)

The procedure of kicking is the same as that of the flying twin

foot middle twisting kick. The ball of the foot is the tool

Kicking

Jumping

Flying Sissors-Shape Kick (7wimyo Kawi Chagi)

The purpose of this technique is to take down the opponent by

trapping the body or the leg. This is also effectively used while

holding a second person with both hands.

Flying Kicking

138

Flying High Side Kick (7wimyo Мор! Yop Chagi)

The principles of kicking procedure are the same as those of a

flying side piercing kick except that the position of the foot is higher

than the hip at the moment of impact.

139

Flying High Reverse Turning Kick

(Twimyo Nopi Bandae Dollyo Chagi)

The method of kicking is the same as

the flying reverse turning kick but the heel

is slightly higher than the toes at the

moment of impact.

Flying High Turning Kick

(Twimyo Nopi Dollyo Chagi)

The principle of kicking is the same as

that of a flying turning kick except that the

toes are slightly higher than the heel at the

moment of impact.

Flying Trapezoid Punching-Kick (7wio Jaegak Jirumyo Chagi) This technique is also used for attacking four targets simul-

taneously, two in front and one on each side, in the form of a twin fist

front punch with twin foot middle twisting kick.

Flying U-Shape Punching-Side Kick (7wio Digutja Jirumyo Yop Chagi)

The student has two opponents. He attacks the one in front with

a twin-fist punch and simultaneously executing a side piercing kick

at the opponent standing to one side.

Top View

Flying Horizontal Striking Kick (Ти/о Soopyong Таейтуо Chagi)

The method of this technique is the same as that of a horizontal

striking -kick with the exception that only front snap kick is possible.

Kicking

Flying

Twin Back Fist

Twin Knife-Hand

Flying Crescent Kick (7wimyo Bandal Chagi)

The purpose of this technique is to block the opponent's

attacking hand or foot while flying. The method of kicking is the

same as that of the crescent kick except the flying motion. See the

defence techniques in this volume.

Flying Kicking

143

144

Flying Hooking Kick (Twimyo Golcho Chagi)

This technique is also used in blocking the

attacking hand or foot while flying.

The method of the kick is the same as the

hooking kick except the flying motion. The hooking

kick is introduced in the defence techniques of this

volume.

Flying

Kicking

Flying Two Direction Kick (7wimyo Sangbal Chagi)

The purpose of this technique is to execute a simultaneous

attack against two opponents at different directions. This is broken

into flying front back kick and side twisting kick

Flying Front-Back Kick (7Twimyo ApdwiChagi)

One opponent in front is attacked with a

front kick and the oponent at the side with a

side kick. Keep the back straight at the moment

of impact

Top view

Flying Side-Twisting Kick

(Twimyo Yop Bituro Chagi) One opponent in front is attacked

with a twisting kick and the opponent

in the rear with a back piercing kick.

Keep the body leaned forward at the

moment of impact.

145

Flying Double Kick (Twimyo /-Jung Chagi)

Like in the case of hand techniques, it is used to

attack wearing or bobbing opponent or opponents.

A horizontal kick is useful against a wearing opp

onent while a vertical kick for bobbing.

К can be classified into flying double side turning

front twisting and mid-air double kicks.

Flying Double Side Kick (Twimyo /-jung Yop Chagi)

This can be executed in two ways vertically and

horizontally.

Vertical Kick

Horizontal Kick

Flying Double Turning Kick (7wimyo /-Jung Оойуо Chagi)

146

Flying Double Front Kick

(Twimyo !|-Jung Ap Chagi)

This can also be executed in two ways.

Horizontal Kick

Vertical Kick

Flying Double Twisting Kick (7Twimyo /-Jung Bitura Chagi)

Both horizontal and vertical kicks are possible

Horizontal

Kick

147

Mid-Air Double Kick (7wio Бо/туо /-Jung Chagi)

Only horizontal kick is possible

Horizontal Kick

Flying Triple Kick (7wimyo Samjung Chagi)

Since the same foot attacks three targets in succession while

flying, this technique requires extreme speed, flexibility and balance

It is broken into flying triple side, front, turning and twisting kicks.

Flying Horizontal Triple Side Kick (Ткйпуо Soopyong Samjung Yop Chagi)

149

Flying Triple Turning Kick

(Twimyo Samjung Dollyo

Chagi)

Vertical Kick

Horizontal Kick

Flying Triple Twisting Kick

(Twimyo Samjung Bituro Chagi)

Only middle twisting kick is

possible.

161

Flying Consecutive Kick (7wimyo Yonsok Chagi)

If the same foot delivers two or more kicks in succession while

flying, the kick, regardless of the type is called a flying consecutive

kick. М can be performed with any combination, 1. e., crescent and

side kick, front and twisting kick or reverse hooking and double

turning kick and so on.

Flying Crescent and Side Kick (Twimyo Bandal Chago Yop Chagi)

Flying Reverse Hooking and Side Kick

(Twimyo Bandae Dollyo Goro Chago Yop Chagi)

Flying Reverse Hooking and Turning Kick

(Twimyo Bandae Dollyo Goro Chago Dollyo Chagi)

Flying Reverse Hooking and Double Turning Kick

(Twimyo Bandae Dollyo Goro Chago I-Jung Dollyo Chagi)

Flying Reverse Hooking and Double Side Kick (Twimyo

Bandae Dollyo Goro Chago I-Jung Yop Chagi)

Flying Spiral Kick (Twimyo Rasonsik

Chagi)

This technique can be performed in two

ways side and back kick or side and side kick.

In any case the second kick must be executed

while rolling in the air.

Side Kick

Back Kick

Flying Combination Kick and Punch

(Twimyo Honap Chagi wa Jirugi)

158

Reflex Kick (Bansa Chagi)

Along with flying double and triple

kicks, flying three direction kick, the reflex

kick certainly demonstrates the flexibility,

balance, and ability to change the direc-

tion of movement while moving the body

quickly from one place in space to

another.

This technique is normally employed

when surrounded by wall or group of

people, using them conversely as reflect-

ing objects to switch the attacking

direction.

The turning kick is common and occa-

sionally high kick or side piercing kick can

be executed, and all of them are per-

formed while running.

Turning Kick

Dodging Kick (Pihamyo Chagi)

This technique is employed when an opponent is at a too close

range to effectively deliver a kick. Perhaps it is one of the best surprise

attacks in that the kick is executed while flying away from the

opponent. Flying side piercing, turning, reverse turning kicks are

commonly used, though occasionally flying twisting, vertical kicks,

etc. are also used.

Dodging Side Piercing Kick

Dodging Turning Kick

159

Back Heel

Dodging Reverse Turning Kick

Ball of the Foot

Dodging Front Kick

Dodging Outward Verticak Kick

Dodging Inward Vertical Kick

Dodging Middle Twisting Kick

В. DEFENCE TECHNIQUES (Bang Eau С!)

Undoubtedly, students will appreciate, once again, the value of the

foot, throughout this chapter from the fact that it performs the entire part of

dodging in addition to its versatile techniques of blocking. The defence in

foot techniques is divided into blocking and dodging.

Blocking (Makgi) Although hand parts are used in most of the blocking in Taekwon-Do,

the role of the feet cannot be discounted. In fact the foot in blocking has an

added advantage of allowing the hands for either combination blocking or

attacking

Foot blocks consist of rising, crescent, waving, checking and hooking

kicks. Unlike the attack techniques, the kicking foot does not necessarily

have to withdraw immediately after the kick, with a few exceptions.

Rising Kick (Cha Olligi)

This consist of a front rising kick and side rising kick. The former

uses the ball of the foot, and the latter the footsword. Both of them

are also widely used for muscle development though the primary

purpose is to block the attack directed to middle section and area

above.

The blocking tool should reach the target in an arc.

Front Rising Kick (Apcha O/ligi)

This kick is used to spring up the opponent's punching fist at the

under forearm or the opponent's foot by kicking the inner tibia. With

this technique, the knee joint of the kicking leg should not be bent

too severely.

A walking stance is chiefly used for muscle development.

AS Ш

Ready to kick

Рог blocking

For muscle

development

INCORRECT The foot reached the target in a straight line

instead of an are motion, thus missing the

target.

Side Rising Kick (Yopcha O/ligi)

This technique is also used to spring up the attacking hand or

foot. Be sure to keep the body half facing the target at the start of

kicking.

Walking, sitting and diagonal stances are most suitable for

muscle development.

For blocking

For muscle development

Crescent Kick (Вапда! Сад!)

This kick is used for blocking the attacking hand or foot to the

middle section and area above. The sole of the foot is the tool which

should reach the target in an arc.

An advantage of this technique is that the blocking foot can be

readily available for a swift counter attack. The main target should be

the elbow joint, Achilles’ tendon or ankle joint, with the forearm and

outer or inner tibia secondary. Though outside block is more

effective, an inside block is also used frequently.

Keep the back heel faced downward at the moment of the block. This technique is classified into low and middle crescent kicks.

Ready to kick Kicking

Front View

Outside Block

This can best insure for a counter-attack

with the same foot because the opponent's

other free hand and foot become ineffective.

Side View

169

Inside Block A special caution must be exercised when executing an inside block,

since the opponent may use the opposite hand or foot for a counter attack.

The same theory is applicable to a hooking kick.

172

Waving Kick (Doro Chagi)

The main purpose of this kick is to block an

opponent's kick aimed at the scrotum. Itis also

useful in preventing the side instep from being

stamped by the opponent.

This kick is usually performed in a sitting

stance and occasionally a diagonal stance. The

main characteristic of this technique is that the

kick should be executed so swiftly that the

body's center of gravity remains unchanged

during the kick. The side sole is used as a tool

which should reach the target in a straight line

with no revolving motion. The ankle jointis the

only target.

The kicking foot should be returned to the

ground after each kick

Front View

INCORRECT

The center of gravity

has been shifted.

174

Checking Kick (Cha Momchugi)

This technique is divided into front and side checking kicks. The

former is performed with the back sole supported by the ball of the

foot while the latter uses the side sole.

Unlike the previous kicks, the checking kick is kept momentarily

on the target during the block.

Front Checking Kick (Apcha Momchugi)

Since the purpose of this kick is to restrict the oppo-

nent’sfreedom of movement, it is normally executed

when the opponent rushes or attempts to close in.

The chest and solar plexus are the targets.

Basic principles:

1. The blocking tool should reach the target in a

straight line.

2. Keep the body half facing the target at the mo-

ment of the impact.

3. Do not bend the stationary leg more than nece-

ssary at the moment of impact.

=

Alf

Ready to kick Kick is delivered.

176

Front View

INCORRECT Because the kick is performed

with the ball of the foot as op-

posed to the back sole, balance 15

lost and checking power is

diminished.

177

Side Checking Kick (Yopcha Momchugi)

This technique has a dual function; one to block the attacking

foot directed to a low section and the other to impede or check the

opponent's movement. In both cases the foot must be ready for a

counter-attack or any type of consecutive action.

The tibia or knee area is the target, and the blocking tool should

reach the target in an arc.

Ready to kick Kicking

INCORRECT This kick is more of an attacking

than а blocking motion. Note that

the blocking tool has reached the

target in a straight line instead of

an arc.

Double Side Checking Kick

Only vertical kick is possible.

179

Hooking Kick (Go/cho Chagi)

The same method of hooking block with a back hand is

applicable to this technique. The target areas are the elbow joint and

Achilles’ tendons. The blocking tool is the side instep which reaches

the target in an outward curve not unlike a twisting kick.

It is advisable to execute the kick at the outside of the attacking

hand or foot. The kicking foot can also be used as an instantaneous

counter-attack motion

Keep the outer tibia facing downward at the moment of impact. This technique is divided into low and middle hooking kicks.

т

Ready to kick Kicking

Dodging (Pihagi)

There are three primary reasons why dodging is so highly

encouraged in all phases of defense. Firstly, it lessens the chances of

injury encountered in a direct head-on clash; secondly, it offers the

defender the opportunity to maneuver into a more advantageous

position; and thirdly, it provides the defender with the opportunity to

study and read the opponents’ skill and tactics as well as bringing the

opponent into a state of exhaustion.

The success or failure of dodging depends entirely on body

shifting which entails agility, timing and flexibility of maneuver in all

directions. It consists of foot shifting, stepping, shift-stepping, step-

shifting, sliding, turning, jumping, body dropping and leg lifting.

Basic principles:

1. The defender should react in a swift and smooth reflexive action

when shifting the body weight.

2. A correct posture must be maintained at all times, especially after

completing a bigger movement

3. While dodging, be obvervant of any openings on the part of the

opponent that might be vulnerable to a counter-attack motion.

183

184

Foot Shifting (Уа/ип Bal)

This maneuver is employed chiefly for covering or adjusting

a short distance (half a foot), and can be performed by mov-

ing a single foot or both feet. When shifting, the motion should

be smooth. Avoid dragging the foot across the ground or lifting it

more than necessary.

One Single Foot The advantage of this technique is that

it permits the student to perform any

attack or defense while in the act of

dodging. One-foot shifting can be done

from virtually any stance, but the rear foot

and L-stances are most ideally suited for

this maneuver because they allow the

student to use the same foot to counter-

attack immediately after or while still in

the process of dodging.

Shifting to the Side

Both Feet The primary purpose of this technique is to close in to or

away from the opponent within the shortest distance beyond

the opponent's anticipation. In this method, both feet shift

almost simultaneously while maintaining the original stance.

This is performed mainly with walking, sitting and L-stan-

ces, though occasionally diagonal, parallel or fixed stance is

used.

How to perform a smooth shifting. Although both feet shift almost simultaneously, the foot closer to

the direction of motion naturally precedes the other by a slight

interval. The body weight, however, is rested on the front leg

momentarily when shifting backward.

From a Walking Stance

Shifting Forward

Left Walking Stance

Shifting

190

Right Walking Stance

Shifting

Shifting Backward

Left Walking Stance Body weight is rested Shifting

on the left leg

191

From ап L-Stance

Shifting Forward

Right L-Stance

Shifting

Shifting Backward

Body weight is rested Shifting

on the right leg

194

Closing in to the opponent

Away from the opponent

197

Away from the opponent

а fixed stance

thod applies to

Note: The same me'

199

From a Sitting Stance

Shifting to the left

To the Right

Note: ‘The same method applies to both diagonal and parallel stances.

200

Away from the opponent

Away from the opponent

202

Stepping (Omgyo Didigi)

Stepping is used for covering comparatively a wide distance. It is

performed backward, foreward and sideways. Stepping is broken

down into single, double and treble stepping though the foot can be

moved in various ways, i.e., straight line, incurved line, outcurved

line and zigzag line, the outcurved line is the one the student of

Taekwon-Do must follow with the exception of rear foot stance.

Basic Principles:

1. The body must always be half facing the opponent when

stepping backward and foreward.

2. The body usually becomes side facing the opponent when

stepping sideways.

3. The knee spring of the stationary leg must be flexible and

relaxed while stepping.

4. The foot should be moved smoothly, leaving about one

centimeter from the ground or floor.

5. The foot should not be dragged or lifted unless absolutely

necessary or advised by an instructor.

6. Keep both legs slightly bent throughout the stepping.

Single Stepping (/Бо Omgyo Didigi)

This is almost exclusively used in Taekwon-Do and can be

executed from all stances. Remember that every stance can be varied

to another stance while stepping. (All steppings throughout this

volume are considered single stepping unless otherwise directed).

The function of the knee

Unless the stationary leg remains flexible, the movement will definitely

be inhibited and lack smoothness causing a difficulty in bringing the hand

and foot into a simultaneous action due to the loss of dynamic stability.

Since the loss or gain of the mass depends entirely on the knee of the

stationary leg, the proper use of the knee spring is the key to this technique.

In the course of stepping, the knee can create three different

postures as follows:

Among them, posture A is the only one used in Taekwon-Do.

Posture A

Relative waves formed by each posture.

Sine Wave (Yulson) — —~—"

Posture B

Slightly bent about 30°

Horizontal Wave (Soopyongseon)

Posture C

3

Extremely bent about 90°

Saw Tooth Wave (Topnal son) pes

Straight 180°

203

Posture А

Bending the knee slightly gives the leg greater flexibility, imparting

more momentum and speed to the motion.

From a Walking Stance

Mass is gained.

Knee is raised

204

From an L-Stance

Stepping Forward Left L-Stance

Right L-Stance

From a Sitting Stance

Knee is raised. Mass is gained.

206

Posture В

The body not only losses the dynamic stability but the mass remains the

same because the knee is sharply bent

From a Left Walking Stance Stepping Forward

Knee remains sharply bent. Mass remains the same.

Posture С

Since the knee is straight, the force of momentum

is discontinued, thus reducing speed

Knee is straight. Speed is decreased.

207

Right L-Stance

INCORRECT The foot is moved in a ho- rizontal line instead of a sine wave. Right L-Stance

Outcurved Line

the stepping foot rea-

In this method,

ches the destination passing the center line

between the feet.

From a Left Walking Stance

210

Stepping Forward

Frong View

Stepping Backward

From a Right Walking Stance

Stepping Forward

Side View

Stepping Backward

Side View

211

Stepping Forward

Keep the left foot

slightly pivoted

212

Side View

Advantages

1. А. The knee spring of the stationary leg, in this case the left leg,

has started to function and the muscles of the hip and

abdomen are ready to jerk

B. Both attacking and blocking tools have started to move in the

same direction as the hip or abdomen does.

2. A. There is less of an opening for an attack since the body

becomes half facing the opponent. The movement must be

conducted smoothly and swiftly because the entire body is

relaxed while dynamic stability is well maintained.

3. А. А maximum of power is produced, for the muscles of the hip

and abdomen are fully utilized while the mass or body weight

is added maintaining, static balance.

B. The side block is performed logically and the whole body is

protected by the blocking forearm.

The same Principle is applicable to L-, rear foot, fixed and low

stances.

213

Stepping Backward

From a Right L-Stance

Stepping Forward

Stepping Forward

215

Stepping Backward

Keep the left

Peal foot pivoting

Keep the right

foot pivoting

Stepping Forward

216

From a Left L-Stance

Stepping Backward

From a Left Rear Foot Stance

Stepping Porward

i

—__t..—

=i

Bc ¥

Stepping Forward

E —4 р —

From a Sitting Stance

<

Keep the left heel slightly

off the ground. To the right

Keep the right heel slightly off

the ground. To the left

4

=

a

Я

222

- -<--—

>

—

Backward Stepping

Disadvantages

The body is unprotected and open to the opponent.

The student is in a poor position to utilize the muscles of hip and

abdomen.

2. Ап this position it is extremely difficult to produce maximum

power because the knee spring of the stationary leg is not

utilized.

It is difficult to bring hands and feet into action

simultaneously

B. The forearms are crossed at the center of the body rather than

in front of the chest because the student is in an awakward

posture

Stance is too short and wide after continuous movement

putting the studentin an unbalanced posture. This becomes

more apparent in backward stepping motion.Both the dynamic

and static stability can hardly be maintained.

A.The punch has failed to produce maximum power.

B. The block is extended beyond the point of focus because of

full facing position instead of half facing.

223

From a Walking Stance

Stepping Backward

Stepping Forward

Stepping Forward

= &

\

Side View

Stepping Forward Short and Wide Shorter and Wider

Stepping Backward Wider and Shorter Widest and Shortest

From an L-Stance Stepping Forward

Stepping Backward

>

| |

Short and Wide

Shorter and Wider

226

Zigzag Line The stepping foot reaches

the destination passing by

the stationary foot.

Disadvantages

A.A full facing position with respect to the opponent makes it

difficult to utilize the hip and abdomen, reducing speed

B. The foot tends to move diagonally instead of forward, creating a

stance that is too wide, resulting in weak punch.

This principle is also applicable for blocking.

228

с

From а Walking Stance

Stepping Forward

Stepping Backward

229

From an L-Stance

Stepping Backward

Stepping Forward

Important:

Through the foregoing pages the student

can see the close connection between the

lines and waves. For example, an out-

curved line creates a sine wave, a straight

line.a horizontal wave and a zigzag linea

saw tooth wave.

Incurved Line

< | This method counts for very little, except in

/ the case of а rear foot stance.

| The main disadvantages are:

|

а 1.Stance is too short and narrow especially

Го after a backward movement.

\

\ 2.Neither attacking tool nor blocking tool

moves in the same direction as the hip or

abdomen does

Stepping Backward

From a Walking Stance

Stepping Forward

The same principle is applicable

Stance is short and narrow. to other stances.

231

Stepping Forward

232

Double Stepping (/bo Omgyo Didigi)

In this technique the stepping is executed in

two motions. It is used for covering a comparatively

wide distance with a smooth movement.

The walking, L- and rear foot stances are used

to move back and forth while sitting, and diagonal

stances are for a lateral movement.

From a Right Walking Stance

Keep the left heel slightly off the ground while

pivoting with the right foot until the body

becomes half facing the opponent.

Stepping Backward

с

<

/

/

!

|

|

| Keep the right heel slightly off the

7 ground with the body half facing the

< opponent.

\

)

1

/

/

у

% The same principle is applicable to а

low stance.

233

From a Right Walking Stance

Keep the left heel slightly off

the ground, with the body half

facing. Stepping Forward

Keep the right heel slightly off

the ground with the body half

Stepping Backward facing.

From a Right Walking Stance

=>

Stepping Forward

/ INCORRECT

и The left foot is moved to the side instead

of the center line, thus the stance is too

wide and short, missing the purpose.

INCORRECT /

The left foot is moved behind the right ,

foot, thus failing to perform a double / у

stepping. The same principle is ap- /

plicable to rear foot and L-stances. /

Stepping Forward

235

From a Left L-Stance

Stepping Porward

KR

Keep theright Wy

slightly off the

Keep the left heel

slightly off the

ground. \

Stepping Backward

Keep the right heel slightly

off the ground.

Stepping Forward

From a Right Rear Foot Stance

№. <

Keep the left heel slightly

off the ground.

Stepping Backward

237

From a Left Rear Foot Stance

From a Sitting Stance

Keep the right heel slightly off

To the left the ground.

Keep the left heel slightly

To the right off the ground.

From a Right Diagonal Stance

Keep the left heel slightly

To the right off the ground. ———————————

Keep the right heel slightly

off the ground.

Treble Stepping (Sambo Omgyo Didigi) This is chiefly executed from walking and

L-stances. It is used to cover a wider dist-

ance, moving back and forth. Sideway step-

ping is not possible.

Stepping Forward

From a Right Walking Stance

242

From a Right L-Stance

>

я

Fd

&

te

A |

a

=

$

a

Е

Е

3

a

Е

a

245

Variation of Stance While Stepping

Left Walking Stance Single Stepping

Stepping Forward

Changed into an L-Stance

Changed into a Sitting Stance.

246

Right Walking Stance

Stepping Backward

Changed into a Rear Foot Stance.

Changed into an L-Stance

Stepping Forward

247

From a Right L-Stance

Stepping Forward Changed into a Walking Stance

From a Left Rear Foot Stance

Changed into an L-Stance Stepping Backward

From a Sitting Stance

Changed into a

diagonal stance.

Right Walking Stance Double Stepping Forward

Changed into a Sitting Stance

Double Stepping Backward

Left Walking Stance

Changed into a Rear Foot

Stance,

250

Right Walking Stance Double Stepping Forward

Changed into a

sitting stance.

Changed into a rear

foot stance <

a

\]

Backward Double Stepping Left L-Stance

The same method is applicable to a fixed stance.

251

Backward Double Stepping Sitting Stance

Changed into a <

diagonal stance.

Left Rear Foot Stance Double Stepping Forward

Changed into a

Sitting Stance.

252

From a Right L-Stance

Treble Stepping

From a Right Walking Stance

Forward

‘Treble Stepping

— ya ia

Shift-Stepping („а/ипфа/ Omgyo Didigi) This is merely a stepping motion following a shifting motion,

and it can be performed with any combination; e.g. single shifting

with single stepping, single shifting with double stepping, double

shifting with single stepping, double shifting with double stepping

or treble stepping and so on. Walking, L- and sitting stances are

common for this technique though occasionally fixed, diagonal or

parallel stances are used.

Single Shifting with Single Stepping

From a Left Walking Stance Forward

Backward

From a Right L-Stance

The same method is applicable

to a fixed stance.

8

3

я

oF

р

3

To the right

To the left

with

Single Shifting

Double Stepping

a Left Walking Stance

From

a Left Fixed Stance

From

From a Sitting Stance

From a Right

Diagonal Stance

To the right

260

To the left

To the right

From a Parallel Stance

Double Shifting with Single Stepping

From a Walking Stance

Forward

262

From an L-Stance

The same method is applicable to a fixed stance

Right L-Stance

Forward

From а Sitting Stance

Double Shifting with Double Stepping

From a Right Walking Stance

To the left

The same method can be used for

double shifting with treble stepping

or treble shifting with any number of

stepping motions.

269

Step-Shifting (Omgyo Didimyo Jajunbal)

This is a reverse motion of shift-stepping, and it can be executed

from nearly all stances as far as single stepping is concerned

Single Stepping with Single Shifting

From a Left Walking Stance Forward

From a Left L-Stance

The same method is applicable

to a fixed stance Porward

From a Sitting Stance

The same method is applicable to

diagonal and parallel stances.

To the left

Double Stepping with Double Shifting

Right L-Stance

Sliding (Mikulgi) This is one of the most effective techniques in Taekwon-Do for

covering a long distance in one smooth motion. И is mainly

performed with L- and rear foot stances, though occasionally a

sitting or fixed stance is used. It can also be executed from any

combination; e.g. slide-shifting, shift-sliding, step-sliding, slide-

stepping, shift-step sliding, double slide-stepping or double step-

shift sliding, and so on.

Forward Changed into a

Kear Foot Stance

Backward

Away from the opponent

Away from the opponent

277

Slide-Shifting

Shift-Sliding

Step-Sliding én

=

Shift-Step Sliding

Closing in to the opponent

278

Closing in to the opponent

Away from the opponent

Away from the opponent

279

Turning (00/9!)

Turning is classified into spot-turning, step-turning and double

step -turning, etc.

The following principles must be observed:

1. The ball of the foot is used always as the pivot.

2. Do not lift the heel more than necessary to complete a smooth

turning motion.

3. Direction of actual turning should be as short as possible.

4. The knee of the stationary leg must be slightly bent while turning.

Left Walking Stance

Spot-Turning (Gujari Do/gi)

The purpose of this technique is to meet the

opponent approaching from behind, and is ex

ecuted in three different methods. It is mainly

performed with walking, L- and rear foot stances,

though occasionally a fixed or low-stance is used.

Counter-clockwise Turning

Right Walking Stance Clockwise Turning

281

Right Walking Stance

Я

< к, A side piercing kick is

\ delivered while turning.

я

1

1

у

A hooking kick is delivered

while turning

\

`

Counter-clockwise Turning

The Turning is performed pivoting

with the right foot on the midline

282

Method One

The turning is performed after moving one

foot on the midline between the feet

Advantage and disadvantage

1. Any attack or defence can be performed

with either foot during the turning.

2. Direction of actual turning is minimized.

3. The line of axis is comparatively well

maintained.

4. Correct stance can be performed with one

motion.

5. Turning is excuted in two motions

6. Arhythmic movement coupled with reac-

tion force is fully utilized.

The turning is performed after moving

the left foot on the midline

Counter-clockwise Turning

From a Left Walking Stance

Clockwise Turning

. . The same method is applicable

Counter-clockwise Turning to a low stance.

Only the front foot can be moved оп the

midline as shown in this page.

Right Rear Foot Stance Left Rear Foot Stance

Clockwise Turning Counter-clockwise Turning

287

Right Walking Stance

Method Two

1. Correct stance can be performed in one

motion

2.A limited attack or defence can be per-

formed during the turning.

3. Turning is excuted in one motion.

4, The line of axis can hardly be maintained.

5. The direction of actual turning is com-

paratively longer.

The turning is performed pivoting with the

right foot.

Counter-clockwise Turning

288

Right Walking Stance

.

Knee joint is being attac-

ked during the turning.

~

с

=

#

The turning is рег-

formed pivoting with

the left foot.

A turning kick is delivered

while turning.

Allan

The same method is applicable

to a low stance.

Counter-clockwise

Turning

289

Right L-Stance

Right L-Stance

Pivoting with the right foot

Clockwise turning

Pivoting with the left foot

Clockwise turning The same method is applicable

to a fixed stance.

290

Гей, Rear Foot Stance

Left Rear Foot Stance

Pivoting with the left foot

Counter-clockwise turning

Pivoting with the right foot

Counter-clockwise turning

Pivoting is possible only with the

front foot as shown in this page.

291

Method Three The turning is performed

after moving one foot to the

double shoulder width.

Advantages and disadvantages

1. The balance of the body is

broken due to the double shoul-

der width which is belly.

2. Neither attack nor defence is

possible during the turning be-

cause the body weight is evenly

distributed on both legs.

3. Hard to maintain the line of axis. 4. Stance has to be readjusted after

the turning to have an ordinary

distance between the feet.

5. Turning is performed in two

motions.

6. The duration of actual turning is

comparatively shorter.

Counter-clockwise Turning

292

Right Walking Stance

Left Walking Stance

Not only is the balance broken but

also it is impractical to move the foot

to a double shoulder width in a

parallel line.

Both legs are being attacked

while turning.

oe

Stance has been

readjusted, for

it was short.

Clockwise Turning

293

Step-Turning

The advantage of this technique is the

ability to face an opponent in any direc-

tion while being able to instantly change

the direction and body position as well as

covering a wide distance.

For exercise purposes, this turning is

executed in the opposite direction, in a

180 degree radius, however, it can be

executed clockwise, counter-clockwise,

forward or backward.

The step-turning can also be performed

in any combination of shifting or sliding

motion.

Walking, L- and sitting stances are

common though occasionally a fixed or

diagonal stance is used

How to face an opponent

294

Clockwise

Counter-clockwise

295

Forward Step-Turning

Clockwise

Clockwise

Counter-clockwise

296

Backward Step-Turning

Clockwise

—

From a Left Walking Stance

Counter -clockwise

297

Counter-clockwise Turning

Forward Step- Turning

Front a Right L-Stance

Clockwise Turning

Backward Step- Turning

The same principle is applicable to a fixed stance.

298

Counter-clockwise Turning <

Sideway Step- Turning

From a Sitting Stance

Clockwise Turning

The same principle is applicable to a diagonal stance.

299

Double Step-Turning (/bo Отдуо Didimyo Dolgi)

This turning can cover a wider distance than the others, and is

conducive for changing directions. It is executed forward, backward

and either clockwise or counter-clockwise.

It can be performed with any combination of stances, stepping,

shifting, sliding or jumping motions. Walking L- and rear foot stances

are most common though occasionally a fixed or low stances are

used

Forward Double Step-Turning

a

K

$’

fos | <

From a Right Walking Stance

Clockwise Turning

From a Lefi Walking Stance

Counter-clockwise Turning

Clockwise Turning }

302

From a Right L-Stance

Counter-clockwise Turning

Clockwise Turning

-Stance

From a Left L

Counter-clockwise Turning

Backward Double Step-Turning Counter-clockwise Turning

From a Right Walking Stance

Clockwise Turning

From a Left Walking Stance

5

№

$

Clockwise Turning fy

\

Counter-clockwise \9

Turning

Clockwise Turning

The same principle is applicable /

to a low stance. dv

From a Right L-Stance

The same principle is applicable to a fixed stance.

Counter-clockwise Turning

Clockwise Turning

From a Left L-Stance

Clockwise Turning

Variation of Stance While Turning

Spot Turning

Left Walking Stance Clockwise Turning Changed into a

Left L-Stance

Changed intoa Right Counter-clockwise Right Walking

L-Stance Turning Stance

308

Right L-Stance Clockwise Turning Changed into a left

rear foot stance

Left L-Stance

Changed into a left

walking stance

Double Step-Turning

Changed into a Rear

Foot Stance

Changed into a Fixed Stance

Changed into an L-Stance

310

Double Step-Shift-Slide Turning

Changed into an L-Stance

311

Shift. Treble -Step - Slide Turning

Changed into a Sitting Stance

Shfit-Treble-Slide Turning

Changed into a Fixed Stance

Double-Step-Shift-Jump Turning

Changed into an X-Stance

313

Jumping (Ти//9/)

There are two purposes for jumping:

1. To cover a protracted distance in one

motion

2. To dodge a low swinging pole or sword

attack.

A correct posture should be resumed im-

mediately after landing.

The L-, sitting and X-stances present the best postures for this technique.

314

Body Dropping (Мот Nachugi)

Although not widely used, this tech-

nique can be quite successful when ap

plied properly. One of the primary pur-

poses of this technique is to evade a flying

attack directed toward the high section.

The drop must be performed in one

swift motion without any “telegraphing”

on the part of the defender. If the assailant

is able to anticipate the drop, the defender

will, in his prone position, be mainly

helpless.

Do not attempt to bob or weave the

head before the execution; not only is this

a useless maneuver but the defender may

also lose sight of even the slightest vari-

ation of the opponent's movement

Foot Lifting (Ва/ Dulgi)

This technique is normally used

to avoid a pressing or sweeping

kick. An added advantage is the

ability to counter-attack with the

same foot

318

320

GROUND FOOT TECHNIQUE (Noowo Bal Gisoo/)

The student of Taekwon-Do should be able to meet an

opponent or opponents even in a reclining position. A technique

performed with the foot while lying down is called a “ground foot

technique” and is used at a close range.

It is divided into attack and defence techniques.

Ground Front Snap Kick

(Noowo Apcha Busigi)

With shoes on

With twin foot

321

Ground Side Piercing Kick (Noowo Yopcha Jirugi)

Ground Side Thrusting Kick (Noowo Yopcha Ти!9!)

The kicking procedure is the same as that of a ground side

piercing kick with the exception of the attacking tool.

322

Ground Downward Kick (Noowo Маегуо Chagi)

This technique is mainly performed with the back heel though

occasionally the ball of the foot is used. In either case the kicking leg

must be properly bent at the moment of impact.

Back Heel

round Turning Kick (Noowo Dollyo Chagi)

Ground Vertical Kick (Noowo Sewo Chagi)

Two Direction Kick

324

Ground Twisting Kick (Noowo Вйиго Chagi)

The ball of the foot is the main attacking tool though the instep is

also a tool for middle twisting kick and the toes can be used when

wearing shoes.

Two Direction Kick

Ground Front Checking Kick (Noowo Apcha Momchugi)

326

Twisting Kick

Ground Leg Crossing (Noowo Dari Kogi)

This is widely used for protecting the

lower abdomen or points below. An ad-

vantage of this technique is that the block-

ing legs can be swiftly coverted into a

simultaneous counter-attack to both sides.

Vertical Kick

Ground Knee Bending (Noowo

Moorup Guburigi)

The uses of this technique are similar

to those of a leg crossing.

Ground Dodging (Noowo Pihagi)

Rolling in

АРРЕМО!Х

Crescent Kick

Flying Crescent Kick

Flying Hooking Kick

LOCKING- Front Checking Kick

DEFENCE TECHNIQUES.-

Front Rising Kick

Ground Checking Kick

Ground Crescent Kick

Body Dropping

Foot Shifting

Jumping

Knee Bending

ODGING- Leg Crossing

FOOT TECHNIQUES

Е

ATTACK TECHNIQUES -

330

Leg Lifting

Rolling

Sliding

Stepping

Turning

Back Piercing Kick Back Pushing Kick Back Snap Kick

Consecutive Kick

Counter Kick Directions of Kick Dodging Kick Downward Kick Front Snap Kick Grasping Kick Ground Downward Kick

Ground Front Snap Kick

Ground High Twisting Kick

Grond Middle Twisting Kick

Grond Side Piercing Kick

Ground Side Thrusting Kick

Ground Turning Kick Ground Vertical Kick Flying Back Piercing kick Flying Combination Kick Flying Combination Kick and Punch

Flying Concecutive Kick

Flying Crescent Kick Flying Double Foot Side Pushing Kick

Flying Front and Turning Kick

Flying Front and Twisting Kick

Рута Downward Kick

Flying Four Direction Kick Flying Front and Double Kick

Flying Front Kick

Flying Front Side Kick Flying High Kick Flying High Side Kick Flying High Turning Kick Flying High Twisting Kick Flying Hooking Kick Flying Horizontal Double Side Kick

Flying Horizontal Striking Kick

Flying Horizontal Triple Side Kick

Flying Inward Vertical Kick

Flying Middle Twisting Kick Flying Outward Vertical Kick

Flying Reverse Turning Kick

Flying Scissor-Shape Kick Flying Side and Back Kick Flying Side and Turning Kick

Flying Side Front Kick

Flying Side Piercing Kick Flying Side Pushing Kick Flying Side Thrusting Kick Flying Square-Punching Kick

Flying Spiral Kick

Flying Three Direction Kick Flying Trapezoid Kick Flying Triple Turning Kick Flying Turning Kick Flying Twin Foot Front Kick Flying Twin Foot High Kick Flying Twin Foot Side Piercing Kick

Flying Twin Foot Side Thrusting Kick

Flying Twin Foot Turning Kick

Flying Twin Foot Twisting Kick

Flying U-Shape Punching Side Kick

Flying Vertical Double Side Kick

Flying Vertical Punching Front Kick

Flying Vertical Triple Side Kick

Foot Tackling

Inward Vertical Kick Mid -Air Kick Outward Vertical Kick Overhead Double Kick

Ouverhead Kick

Pick Shape Kick Reflex Kick Reverse Hooking Kick Reverse Turning Kick Side Front Snap Kick Side Piercing Kick Side Punching Kick Side Pushing Kick Side Thrusting Kick Side Turning Kick Skip Kick Stamping Kick Straight Kick Sweeping Kick Turning Kick Twisting Kick Two Direction Kick Upward Kick U-Shape Punching Kick

331

INDEX

A

appendix 332,333

attack techniques (gong gyok gi) 19-161

back piercing kick (dwitcha jirugi) 34, 35

back pushing kick (dwitcha milgi) 34, 35

back snap kick (dwitcha busigi) 54

blocking (makgi) 163-181

body dropping (mom nachugi) 316, 317

с

checking kick (cha momchugi) 176-179

front checking kick 176, 177

side checking kick 178, 179

consecutive kick (yonsok chagi) 102-

counter kick (bada chagi) 93-96

courtesy (ye ui) 10-12

crescent kick (bandal chagi) 168-173

inside block 172, 173

outside block 169, 171

D

defence techniques (bang eau gi) 163-

320

direction of kick (chan bang hyang) 106,

107

dodging (pihagi) 183-201 dodging kick (pihamyo chagi) 159-161

dodging front kick 160

dodging reverse turning kick 160

dodging side piercing kick 159

dodging turning kick 159

332

dodging twisting kick 161

dodging vertical kick 161

double stepping 232-239

downward kick (naeryo chagi) 66, 67

E

F

flying back kick (twimyo dwitchagi) 122 flying combination kick (twimyo honap

chagi) 155-157

flying combination kick and punch

(twimyo honap chagi wa jirugi) 157

flying consecutive kick (twimyo yonsok

chagi) 152-154

flying crescent kick (twimyo Бапда!

chagi) 143

flying crescent and side kick (twimyo

bandal chago yop chagi) 152

flying double front kick (twimyo i-jung

apchagi) 147

flying double kick (twimyo i-jung chagi)

flying double foot side pushing kick

(twimyo doobal yopcha milgi) 135

flying double side kick (twimyo i-jung

yop chagi) 146

flying double turning kick (twimyo i-jung

dollyo chagi) 146

flying double twisting kick (twimyo i-

jung bituro chagi) 147

flying downward kick (twimyo naeryo

chagi) 132

flying four direction kick (twimyo sabang

chagi) 156, 157

flying front and twisting kick (twimyo

apchago bituro chagi) 152

flying front kick (twimyo apchagi) 110,

ти

flying high kick (twimyo nopi chagi) 126,

127

flying high reverse turning kick (twimyo

nopi bandae dollyo chagi) 140

fiying high side kick (twimyo nopi yop

chagi) 139

flying high turning kick (twimyo nopi

dollyo chagi) 140

flying reverse hooking and turning kick

(twimyo bandae dollyo goro chago

dollyo chagi) 153

flying hooking kick (twimyo golcho

chagi) 144

flying horizontal striking-kick (twimyo

soopyong taerimyo chagi) 142

flying kick (twimyo chagi) 109-161 flying reverse hooking and double side

kick (twimyo bandae dollyo goro

chago i-jung yop chagi) 154

flying reverse hooking and side kick

(twimyo bandae dollyo goro chago

yop chagi) 153

flying reverse hooking and double turn-

ing kick (twimyo bandae goro chago i-

jung dollyo chagi) 151

flying reverse hooking and turning kick

(twimyo bandae dollyo goro chago

dollyo chagi) 116, 117

flying side front kick (twimyo yobap

chagi) 112, 113

flying side piercing kick (twimyo yopcha

jirugi) 118, 119

flying side pushing kick (twimyo yopcha

milgi) 120, 121

flying side thrusting kick (twimyo yop

cha Tulgi) 119

flying side-twisting kick (twimyo yop

bituro chagi) 145

flying scissors-shape kick (twimyo kawi

chagi) 138

flying spiral kick (twimyo sunhwesik

chagi) 154

flying three direction kick (twimyo sam-

bang chagi) 154, 155

flying trapezoid punching-kick (twio

jegak jirumyo chagi) 141

flying triple kick (twimyo samjung chagi)

149-151

flying triple front kick (twimyo samjung

ap chagi) 150

flying triple kick (twimyo samjung chagi)

149

flying triple turning kick (twimyo sam-

jung dollyo chagi) 151

flying triple twisting kick (twimyo sam-

jung bituro chagi) 151

flying turning kick (twimyo dollyo chagi)

114, 115

flying twin foot front checking kick

(twimyo sangbal apcha momchugi)

133

flying twin foot front kick (twimyo san-

gbal ap chagi) 132

flying twin foot high kick (twimyo san-

gbal nopi chagi) 137

flying twin foot side piercing kick

(twimyo doobal yopcha jirugi) 134

flying twin foot turning kick (twimyo

sangbal dollyo chagi) 135

flying twin foot middle twisting kick

(twimyo sangbal kaunde bituro chagi)

136, 137

flying twisting kick (twimyo bituro chagi)

123

flying two direction kick (twimyo san-

gbang chagi) 145

flying U-shape punching side kick (twio

digutja jirumyo yop chagi) 141

flying vertical kick (twimyo sewo chagi)

124, 125

foot lifting (bal dulgi) 318, 319 foot shifting (jajunbal) 184-201

single foot 184-189

both feet 190-201

foot tackling (bal golgi) 97-99 front checking kick (apcha momchugi)

176, 177

front punching kick (ap jirumyo chagi) 89 front rising kick (apcha olligi) 164, 165 front snap kick (apcha busigi) 41-53

333

G

grasping kick (butjabgo chagi) 85-87 ground crescent kick (noowo bandal

chagi) 326

ground dodging (noowo pihagi) 329 ground downward kick (noowo naeryo

chagi) 323

ground front checking kick (noowo

apcha momchugi) 326

ground front snap kick (noowo ap chagi)

319

ground foot technique (noowo bal

gisool) 319-327

ground hooking kick (noowo golcho

chagi) 326

ground knee bending (noowo moorup

guburigi) 328

ground leg crossing (noowo bal kogi)

327

ground side piercing kick (nowo yopcha

jirugi) 322

ground side thrusting kick (noowo

yopcha tulgi) 322

ground turning kick (noowo dollyo

chagi) 324

ground twisting kick (noowo bituro

chagi) 325

ground vertical kick (noowo sewo chagi)

324

H

high kick (nopunde chagi) 20, 21 high twisting kick (порипде Бйиго

chagi) 77

hooking kick (golcho chagi) 180, 181 horizontal _striking-kick — (soopyong

taerimyo chagi) 90, 91

horizontal wave (soopyong son) 203

incurved line 231 indomitable spirit (baekjul bool-gool) 10,

11,14

integrity (yom chi) 10-12

334

J

jumping (twigi) 314, 315

K

L

low kick (najunde chagi) 22, 23

low twisting kick (najunde bituro chagi)

74

M

mid-air double kick (twio dollmyo i-jung

chagi) 148

mid-air kick (twio dollmyo chagi) 128,

129

middle kick (kaunde chagi) 22, 23 middle twisting kick (kaunde bituro

chagi) 75, 76

ball of the foot 75

instep 75

toes 75

N

о

outcurved line 210-213 overhead double kick (twio nomo i-jung

chagi) 131

overhead kick (twio nomo chagi) 130,

131

Р

perseverance (т nae) 10, 11, 13

pick-shape kick (gok-kaeng-i chagi) 67,

68

back heel 67

ball of the foot 68

piercing kick (cha jirugi) 25-35

pressing kick (noollo chagi) 80-82

inward kick 82

outward kick 80, 81

punching-kick (jirumyo chagi) 88, 89

Q

reflex kick (bansa chagi) 158 reverse hooking kick (bandae dollyo goro

chagi) 72, 73

reverse turning kick (bandae dollyo

chagi) 70, 71

back heel 70

ball of the foot 71

rising kick (cha olligi) 164-167

front rising kick 164, 165

side rising kick 166, 167

5

saw tooth wave (1орпа!зоп) 203-209

self-control (guk gi) 10, 11, 13

shift stepping 255-269

side checking kick (yopcha momchugi)

178, 179

side front snap kick (yobap cha busigi)

55

ball of the foot 54 instep 55 toes 55

side piercing kick (yopcha jirugi) 25-33

side punching-kick (yop jirumyo chagi)

side pushing kick (yopcha milgi) 38, 39

side rising kick (yopcha olligi) 166, 167

side turning kick (yop dollyo chagi) 65

side thrusting kick (yopcha tulgi) 36, 37

sine wave (yulson) 203-209

skip kick (durokamyo chagi) 99, 100

sliding (mikulgi) 274-279

smashing kick (cha busigi) 40-66

stamping kick (cha bapgi) 57

stepping (omgyo didigi) 202-277

double stepping 232-239 horizontal wave 203, 207, 208 incurved line 231 outcurved line 210-213

saw tooth wave 203-209

shift stepping 255-269

sine wave 203-269

sliding 274-279

step shifting 270-273

straight line 222-226

treble stepping 242-245

variation of stance while stepping 246-

254

step shifting 270-273

straight line 222-226

straight kick (jigeau chagi) 87

sweeping kick (suroh chagi) 83, 84

back heel 84

side sole 83

т

tenets of Taekwon-Do (Taekwon-Do

jungshin) 10-14

thrusting kick (tuloomyo chagi) 92

treble stepping 242 245

turning (dolgi) 281-313

double step turning 300-307

spot turning 281-293

step turning 294-299

variation of stance while turning 308-

313

turning kick (dollyo chagi) 58-64

ball of the foot 59-61

instep 63, 64

knee 62

toes 62

twisting kick (bituro chagi) 74-77

ball of the foot 75-77

instep 76

knee 75

toes 75

two direction kick (sangbang chagi) 101

у

u-shape punching-kick (digutja jirumyo

chagi) 88

upward kick (ollyo chagi) 69

У

vertical kick (sewo спас!) 78, 79

footsword 76

reverse footsword 79

Ww

waving kick (doro chagi) 174, 175

х

У

2

zigzag line 228-230

336

SYNOPSIS

The Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do consists of 15 volumes. The contents

of each volume is listed below:

VOLUME 1: 1) Origin and Development of Martial Arts

2) History of Taekwon-Do

3) Moral Culture

4) Philosophy

5) Training Schedule

6) Cycle and Composition of Taekwon-Do

7) Demonstration

A) Model Sparring

B) Pre-arranged Free Sparring

C) Sample of Self-defence Techniques

8) About the Author

9) Group photos

VOLUME Il: 1) Theory of Power

2) Attacking and Blocking Tools

3) Vital Sports

4) Training

A) Training Hall

B) Conduct in Do Jang

C) Training Equipment

D) Practice Suits

5) Stances 6) Training Aids

VOLUME Ш: Hand Techniques

VOLUME IV: Foot Techniques

VOLUME V: Sparring

VOLUME VI: Fundamental Exercises (A)

VOLUME VII: Fundamental Exercises (B)

337

VOLUME VIII:

VOLUME Ix:

VOLUME x:

VOLUME XI:

VOLUME ХИ:

VOLUME ХИ:

VOLUME XIV:

VOLUME XV:

338

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

1)

2)

3)

1)

2)

3)

4)

1)

2)

3)

Four-Direction Punch

Four- Direction Block

Pattern Chon-Ji

Pattern Dan-Gun

Pattern Do-San

Pattern Won-Hyo

Pattern Yul-Guk

Pattern Joong-Gun

Pattern Toi-Gae

Four-Direction Thrust

Pattern Hwa-Rang

Pattern Choong-Moo

Pattern Gwang-Gae

Pattern Po-Eun

Pattern Ge-Baek

1)Pattern Eui-Am

2)

3)

1)

2)

3)

1)

2)

3)

1)

2)

3)

Pattern Choong-Jang

Pattern Juche р

Pattern Зат-И

Pattern Yoo-Sin

Pattern Choi-Yong

Pattern Yon-Gae

Pattern Ul-Ji

Pattern Moon-Moo

Pattern So-San

Pattern Se-Jong

Pattern Tong-!!