vol03.pdf

ENCYCLOPEDIA

TAEKWON-DO

GEN. CHOI HONG HI

VOLUME Ш

ТАВЕЕ ОЕ СОМТЕМТ$

(Mokcha)

THE TENETS OF TAEKWON—DO

(TAEKWON —DO УИМС$НИМ).............. ,

HAND TECHNIQUES (SON G/SOOL) ..........

A. ATTACK TECHNIQUES (GONG СУОКС!)..............

1) HIGH ATTACK (NOPUNDE GONG СУОК)............

2) MIDDLE ATTACK (KAUNDE GONG GYOK) ...........

3) LOW ATTACK (NAJUNDE GONG GYOK) ............

4) PUNCHING TECHNIQUES (J/JRUG/) ..............,

Walking Stance Obverse Punch (Gunnun So Baro Jirugi) . . .

L-Stance Obverse Punch (Niunja So Baro Jirugi) .......

Rear Foot Stance Reverse Punch (Owitba/ SoBandae Jirugi). .

Vertical Stance Punch (Soojik So Jirugi) .. 2.66666 ee ee

X-Stance Punch (Kyocha So Jirugi). ... еее

Vertical Punch (Sewo Jirugi) . ee ee es

Side Punch: (РОУ кк nase eae а.

Side Front Punch (Yobap Jirugi). ©... 6 ee ee

Side Vertical Punch (Yop Sewo Jirugi) .............4.

Upward Punch (Ollyo Мид!) ... еее

Upest Punch (Owifbo Sige) еее ее еее

U-Shape Punch (Digutja Jirugi) (ен... ..

Downward Punch (Naeryo ид!) . еее.

Crescent Punch (Bandal Jirugi) «6... oe ee ee ee

Tuming Punch (Dollyo Jiruigi) ... ен

Angle Punch (Giokja Jirugi). . 0... ccc cee ecevene

Knuckle Fist Punch (Songarak Joomuk Jirugi). .... 6.4...

Horizontal Punch (Soopyong Jirugi). еее.

5) THRUSTING TECHNIQUES (746/)................ 83

Downward Thrust (Naeryo Tulgi) (нь. 95

НЯ ПОЙ ОО, be ake Sin Sac 98

Side: Front Thrust (УОБар. ЛИ: уе ое 99

Horizontal Thrust (Soopyong Ти!9!)..... нь. 102

6) CROSS-CUT- (GOT GID „р aussie wes aio ae rapsevela panels 108

7) STRIKING TECHNIQUE (ТАЕД/С!)................. 115

Inward Strike (Апиго Taerigi). .. еее ньньь ‚ 422

Downward Strike (Naeryo Taerigi). 2... нь. 130

Outward Strike (Bakuro Taerigi) „(еее 134

SHO SN (YOR IMO 66 cece 9 cies Seiad Ree ALeCe eae 134

Horizontal Strike (Soopyong Taerigi) ............... 140

Front-Strike (Ap: Teenie). svi ie oh BS SR See Bre GAS 146

Crescent Strike (Bandal Taerigi) ... 6... 2 ee ee ee 151

Side Back Strike (Yopdwi Taerigi).. 2... ee ee 153

Side Front Strike (Yobap Taerigi).. 2. 0 ee 154

8) FLYING HAND TECHNIQUES

СИТО SOOGE 0. иль а оон а 161

9) DODGING ATTACKS (Р/НАМУО GONG GYOK) ........ 182

В. DEFENCE TECHNIQUES (BANG ЕАЦ 6/).............. 185

High Block (Nopunde Makgi). . 6... еее, 186

Middle Block (Kaunde Makgi) .........05 00 eee eae 188

Low Block (Najunde Makgi) ....... у.е... 190

Inward Block (Anuro Makgi) .........000 20 ceeeee 192

Outward Block (Bakuro Makgi).........0054 ce ueee 194

Front: ВЮК: (Ap Mat) + ah ies te a es 214

Gila Blook (Von Mahi) a3... eee 9 220

Side Front Block (Yobap МаК9!)....... 02000. 223

Double Forearm Block (Doo Palmok Makgi)........... 224

Waist Block (Hori Makai)! оли. aie 5s сена. 228

Checking Block (Mochau Makgi) .... 2.2.0... 00004. 233

Outside Block (Bakat МаКо!)........ еее ьь 238

inside Block (Алла)... гие ие еее 239

Rising Block (Chookyo Мака!) .... 0 eee ee 240

Upward Block (Olivo Makgl) еее ces te ее 251

Downward Block (Naeryo Makgi) .. 0... еее, 255

Pressing Block (Noollo Makgi). 0... еее + 263

Hooking Block (Golcho Makgi) ......0.00 056 cee 268

Wedging Block (Hechyo Мака!) ...... 0 ee 272

Grasping Block (Butjaba Makgi)... 0... oe ee 276

Parallel Block (Narani Makgi). . 2. 2 0 ee 278

Pushing Slack (Miro: Мао: Ove. Sew EA ра . 285

Luring Block (Yuin Makgi) .. 6 0. ee 287

Scooping Block (Dura Makgi) .. 2... ee 288

Guarding Block (Daebi Makgi).. 2.0... ee 290

Twin Forearm Block (Sang Palmok Мака!).......,..... 300

Twin Knife-Hand Block (Sang Sonkal Makgi).......... 301

Double Arc-Hand Block (Doo Bandalson Makgi)........ 303

Circular Block (Dollimyo Makgi)... 0... ee ee + 304

Nine (9)-Shape Block (Gutja Makgi) (нь... 306

U-Shape Block (Mongdung-i Makgi) (ее, 308

U-Shape Grasp (Mongdung-i Japgi)... еее + 309

W-Shape Block (San МаК9/)....... ee ee 310

Horizontal Block (Soopyong Makgi)... 2... ...-56565 318

Dodging (Fihegi} si. ROS пера ие RHEE PEA Was 320

C. GROUND HAND TECHNIQUES

(NOOWOO' SON GISOOL) ‚ +... comune scorers аа eevee 323

APPEND. ccosses cae Go вре HOR eae comes 333

INDE Gis. exe cassirs wees ый EEISIOR BESET OUTELERE манны 336

Taekwon-Do in Korean Character

GEN. CHO! HONG HI

President

International Taekwon-Do Federation

THE ТЕМЕТ$ ОЕ TAEKWON-DO

(Taekwon-Do Jungshin)

TAEKWON-DO AIMS TO ACHIEVE

Courtesy (Ye Uj) Integrity (Yom Chi) Perseverance (/n Nae) Self-Control (Guk Gi) Indomitable Spirit (Baekju/ Boolgool)

Е а

ЗС ды

о а

ее 74

EXPLANATION OF TENETS

Needless to say, the success or failure of Taekwon-Do training depends

largely on how one observes and implements the tenets of Taekwon-Do which

should serve as a guide for all serious students of the art.

COURTESY (Ye Ui) Taekwon-Do students should attempt to practise the following elements

of courtesy to build up their noble character and to conduct the training in an

orderly manner as well.

1) To promote the spirit of mutual concessions 2) То be ashamed of one’s vices, contempting those of others 3) To be polite to one another 4) To encourage the sense of justice and humanity 5) To distinguish instructor from student, senior from junior, and elder

from younger

6) To behave oneself according to etiquette 7) To respect others’ possesions 8) To handle matters with fairness and sincerity 9) To refrain from giving or accepting any gift when in doubt

INTEGRITY (Yom Chi)

In Taekwon-Do, the word integrity assumes a looser definition than the

one usually presented in Webster's dictionary. One must be able to define right

and wrong, and have the conscience, if wrong, to feel guilt. Listed are some

examples, where integrity is lacking:

1. The instructor who misrepresents himself and his art by presenting

improper techniques to his students because of a lack of knowledge or

apathy.

2. The student who misrepresents himself by “Яхта” breaking materials

before demonstrations.

3. The instructor who camouflages bad techniques with luxurious

training halls and false flattery to his students.

4. The student who requests rank from an instructor, or attempts to purchase it. 5. The student who gains rank for ego purposes or the feeling of power. 6. The instructor that teaches and promotes his art for materialistic gains. 7. The student whose actions do not live up the words. 8. The student who feels ashamed to seek opinions from his juniors.

PERSEVERANCE (/n Nae)

There is an old Oriental saying, ‘Patience leads to virtue or merit” “One

can make a peaceful home by being patient for 100 times.’ Certainly,

happiness and prosperity are most likely brought to the patient person. To

achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection of a

technique, one must set his goal, then constantly persevere. Robert Bruce

learned his lesson of perseverance from the persistant efforts of a lowly spider.

It was this perseverence and tenacity that finally enabled him to free Scotland

in the fourteenth century. One of the most important secrets in becoming a

leader of Taekwon-Do is to overcome every difficulty by perseverance.

Confucious said; ‘one who is impatient in trivial matters can seldom

achieve success in matters of great importance.”

SELF-CONTROL (Guk Gi)

This tenet is extremely important inside and

outside the do jang, whether conducting oneself in

free sparring or in one’s personal affairs. A loss of self-

control in free sparring can prove disasterous to both

student and opponent. An inability to live and work

within one’s capability or sphere is also a lack of self-

control.

According to Lao-Tzu “the term of stronger is the

person who wins over oneself rather than someone

else.”

INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (82ekju/ Boolgoo/)

“Here lie 300, who did their duty,” a simple

epitaph for one of the greatest acts of courage known

to mankind.

Although facing the superior forces of Xerxes,

Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at Thermopylae

showed the world the meaning of indomitable spirit. It

is shown when a courageous person and his prin-

ciples are pitted against overwhelming odds.

Aserious student of Taekwon-Do will at all times

be modest and honest. If confronted with injustice, he

will deal with the belligerent without any fear or

hesitation at all, with indomitable spirit, regardless of

whosoever and however many the number may be.

Confucius declared, “it is an act of cowardice to

fail to speak out against injustice.”

As history has proven those who have pursued

their dreams earnestly and strenuously with indomit-

able spirit have never failed to achieved their goals.

АА fe ops

“Pursue one’s own goal”

HAND TECHNIQUES

(Son Gisool)

Although hand techniques are certainly very important in offensive

motions, they play the most important part in defense, especially blocking.

Common Principles:

1. Turn the hip and abdomen in the same direction as the attacking or

blocking tool does throughout the action.

2. The heel of the rear foot should be raised slightly off the ground at

the beginning of the motion and placed firmly on the ground at the

moment of impact in all cases.

3. Raise the body slightly at the beginning of the motion, and lower it

at the moment of impact.

4. All movements must begin with a backward motion in order to

utilize the maximum velocity.

5, Keep both arms slightly bent while the movement is in motion.

А. ATTACK TECHNIQUE

(Gong Gyokgi)

The attack is executed in the form of punching, striking, thrusting,

cross cutting, pressing and breaking. Since three of these techniques -

punch, strike and thrust - are so closely interrelated in principle, it may be

difficult to make a clear distinction among them. The purpose behind each

technique, as well as the method, differs slightly. A punch is used primarily

to cause an internal hemorrhage rather than surface damage by twisting

the attacking tool. A thrusting motion, however, is delivered with an

intention to cut through the vital spot with less twisting of the attacking

tool. A striking motion is used to destroy or break the bone or muscles of

vital spots with the least twist of the attacking tool.

The pressing and breaking motions are illustrated in the self-defense

technique of this Encyclopedia.

The attack is named in accordance to the relative position of the

attacking tool; the angle facing the target, the method of attack and the

stance taken. For exercise purposes, each target position (e.g. high,

middle and low) corresponds to that of the attacker's position.

The basic principles are:

1. Jerk the hip and abdomen throughout the action, slowly at the

beginning and sharply at the moment of impact. The hip is jerked

slightly before the action in order to concentrate the larger muscles

of the hip and abdomen together with the smaller muscles of the

four extremities against the target simultaneously.

2. Completely twist the attacking tool, with few exceptions, in order

to use full acceleration.

3. Tense the abdomen at the moment of impact by exhaling sharply. 4. The moment the attacking tool reaches the target, pull it back to allow it to be ready for the next action while preventing a grab by the opponent. The attacking tool usually will form a triangle with the shoulders at the moment of impact when attacking the opponent in front. 6. Hold the breath while attacking or blocking.

+46 ay

VY; oe

High Attack (Nopunde Gong Gyok) When the attacking tool reaches the eye level of the attacker at

the moment of impact, it is called a high attack

The attacking tool can reach the philtrum, chest, solar plexus,

abdomen or other vital spots depending on the height of the

opponent as shown below.

Regardless of which vital spot is struck, the attack at the eye

level of the attacker is called a high attack.

Standing naturally when punching

High Punch

Standing naturally when striking

High strike

Middle Attack (Kaunde Gong Gyok)

When the attacking tool reaches the same level as the shoulder

of the attacker at the moment of impact, it is called a middle attack.

Standing naturally when punching

Middle Punch

Middle Thrust

Low Attack (Najunde Gong Gyok)

When the attacking tool reaches the same level as the attacker's

umbilicus at the moment of impact, it is called a low attack.

Standing naturally when punching

Low Punch

IMPORTANT: Due to the distortion of distance apparent in photographs, the angle of

the feet in stances may appear slightly out of position. The student,

therefore, is encouraged to refer to the feet illustrations rather than the

photograph itself.

Parallel stance

Sitting stance

Walking Stance (Gunnun Sogi)

Front View

Back View

L-Stance (Niunja Sogi)

Front View

Back View

Punching Technique (Jirugi)

Punching is executed in various ways according to

the tools listed below and the position of the opponent.

Forefist

Basic Principles:

1. Clench the fist firmly at the moment of impact so that it acts

as a hammer instead of a cotton ball.

2. Punch from the hip to the target at full speed using the

shortest distance.

. Avoid unnecessary tension of the arms and shoulders. . Pull the opposite fist simultaneously to the hip as the

punching fist moves out.

. Relax the muscle immediately after the fist has reached the target. . Keep the back straight at the moment of impact. Do not pull out the shoulder at the moment of impact. The fist must turn a full 180 degrees at the moment of impact; i.e. a corkscrew effect, with the exception of vertical and side punches . The back fist must face downward when the fist is pulled to

the hip.

10. The rear foot in all cases must be placed firmly at the moment of impact to contain the rebound.

OND хм Fw

(All punches throughout this book are considered front punches

unless special directions are given.)

CORRECT

As mentioned earlier, revolving the fist and con-

centrating the muscles of the hip and abdomen toa

small area is a very important punching technique

theory. The farther the distance between the target

and the fist, the more this theory applies. The hip is

the most suitable and natural spot for placing or

withdrawing the fist in the course of training in the

case of a front punch with a single fist. In actual

combat, however, a certain amount of latitude and

flexibility must be observed.

INCORRECT

The fists have failed

to revolve.

Left back fist

faces upward in-

stead of down-

ward.

Walking Stance Obverse Punch (Gunnun So Baro Jirugi)

Walking stance obverse punch is delivered from

the same side of the leg that is bent fully.

Single Fist (Wae Joomuk)

Front View

Side View

The fist must stay in the centre of the body at

the moment of impact as far as front punch is

concerned. The same principle is applied to the

middle and low punches.

Right Walking Stance

Top View

Walking Stance Reverse Punch (Gunnun So Bandae Jirugi)

If the fist is delivered from the opposite side of the leg which is

fully bent leg, it is called a reverse punch.

Side View

Front View

INCORRECT Revolving principle is ignored be-

cause the back fist faces upward

instead of downward at the start

of punching.

INCORRECT

Not only are the vulnerable spots exposed but the attack is ineffective because

the fist has failed to stay in the center of the attacker's body.

INCORRECT Shoulder is over extended

in lunge position, making

an awkward stance, from

which the student can be

toppled even by a slight

pull.

INCORRECT

The fist has failed to reach the point of focus because the arm is not fully extended.

Under these conditions the student cannot generate maximum power.

A Тор =

L-Stance Obverse Punch (Niunja So Baro Jirugi) The punch is delivered from the same side as the leg which is

tully bent. In this case, the right leg.

Be careful to maintain a correct half facing posture and keep the

fist in a line that runs parallel with the other foot. In this case, the left

foot at the moment of impact.

Front View

Side View

Top View

The fist forms a triangle

with the shoulders,

Scooping with a palm

Attacker is thrown Punch is delivered

INCORRECT The body becomes full facing the

target and the stance is broken, thus

the attacking tool cannot reach the

target.

INCORRECT

The body is easily

pulled off balance

because it is full

facing.

L-Stance Reverse Punch (Niunja So Bandae гид!) It is very useful for attacking the opponent at the side. The body

must be half facing the target at the moment of impact as in the case

of the L-stance obverse punch.

Side View

Front View

INCORRECT

Attack is impossible.

Top View

The fist forms a triangle

with the shoulders

Front View

INCORRECT Not only is the armpit

exposed but the attack is

ineffective because the

fist has failed to be de-

livered in the same dir

ection as the hip and

abdomen.

Side View

INCORPECT

The punch is not effective

because the opponent is

too close to the target

Rear Foot Stance Reverse Punch (Dwitba/ So Bandae Jirugi)

The principle of this technique is very similar to that of

an L-stance reverse punch.

Side View

Front View

Rear Foot Stance Obverse Punch (Dwitba/ So Baro Jirugi)

The principle of this technique is also very

similar to that of an L-stance observe punch

Side View

Front View

Vertical Stance Punch (Soojik So Jirugi)

The principle of this technique is the same

as that of a rear foot stance reverse punch.

Side View

Front View

Back View

INCORRECT The angle at which the

punch is delivered exposes

the student's armpit.

X-Stance Punch (Kyocha So Jirugi)

This technique is particularly useful when

attacking an opponent at a wider distance.

The opposite side fist is normally brought in

front of the shoulder at the moment of

impact.

Side View

Front View

Back View

Twin Fist (Sang Joomuk) This is used in attacking two opponents simultaneously, though

single target in rare cases, and is chiefly performed with walking,

sitting and parallel stances, though occasionally an X-stance or a

close stance

Walking Stance Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance Close Stance

Х- Stance

Vertical Punch (Sewo Jirugi) The fist is completely in a vertical position; e.g. the side fist faces

downward at the moment of impact. This punch is executed either

with a single fist or a twin fist and is an effective technique when

attacking a target or targets at a medium range.

Keep the elbow bent about 40 degrees upward at the moment of

impact

Single Fist It is mainly performed with walking, rear foot and L

stances, but occasionally with close, vertical, X-, or one-leg

stances. This particular punch can also be performed with along

fist for attacking the middle section of the body.

(All vertical punches throughout this book are considered

forefist front vertical punches unless special direction is given.)

Walking Stance

A reverse punch is normal,

INCORRECT The arm is extended rather than

bent and has reached the target

without twisting.

Rear Foot Stance

Both obverse and reverse punches are

possible, though a reverse punch is common

Obverse Punch

Reverse Punch

Side View

L-Stance

Only observe punch is possible.

Vertical Stance

Front View

X-Stance One-Leg Stance

Close Stance

Twin Fist

This technique is mainly performed with walking, close, parallel

and X-stances, and occasionally with a sitting, one-leg or L-stance.

The high vertical punch with a twin fist is normally executed

against one target, and two targets in rare instances, whereas two

targets are dealt with in the case of a middle punch.

High Punch

Middle Punch

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

L-Stance

Only a middle punch

can be performed.

One-Leg Stance

INCORRECT

INCORRECT The arm is extended rather than

Since the elbows are too close to the body, the bent and has reached the target

fists have stopped before reaching the target. area without twisting.

Side Punch (Yop Jirugi) When the punch is delivered to the flank,

it is called a side punch.

This technique is usually performed with

sitting, parallel, close or X-stances, and

occasionally a diagonal or one-leg stance is

used

Top View

Single Fist

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

Close Stance

X-Stance

Diagonal Stance

INCORRECT The punch has failed to be

delivered to the flank, thus

exposing the armpit.

Twin Fist (Sang Joomuk) A walking stance is frequently em-

ployed for this technique in addition

to those stances used for a single fist.

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

|| Close Stance

Side Front Punch (Yobap Jirugi)

This technique is used in attacking an op-

ponent approaching from the side front.

Side Vertical Punch (Yop Sewo ид!) The principle of this technique is similar to

that of the side punch with the exception that the

elbow is bent upward.

The thumb forms a straight line with the

clavicle at the moment of impact.

Single Fist

Sitting Stance

One-Leg Stance

X-Stance Parallel Stance

INCORRECT The fist forms a straight line with

the shoulder instead of the clavic-

le, thus the punch becomes stiff.

Twin Fist

Sitting Stance

X-Stance

Close Stance

L-Stance

Upward Punch (Ollyo Jirugi) This technique is chiefly used for attacking

the face or the point of the chin at a close range.

Although it can be performed with nearly

every stances, a rear foot stance and L-stance are

normally used.

Keep the back fist facing the front at the

moment of impact while bringing the opposite

side fist in front of the shoulder.

Vertical Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Diagonal Stance

Walking Stance

INCORRECT Reaction force is reduced because

the opposite fist is pulled to the

hip instead of the shoulder.

Upset Punch (Dwijibo Jirugi) This technique is used in attacking the target at a close range and

is performed with either a single or a twin fist. In any case, the fist

must reach the target in a circular motion.

Keep the elbow close to the hip and the back fist completely

facing downward at the moment of impact.

Keep the back fist slightly higher than its elbow at the moment of

impact.

Single Fist It is executed mainly from walking, close and

parallel stance, though occasionally X-, sitting,

rear foot, L-, diagonal or one-leg stance is used.

A reverse punch with a walking stance, and

an obverse punch with an L-stance or a rear foot

stance is normal.

Be sure to bring the opposite side fist in front

of the shoulder in the case of L-stance, rear foot

stance and X-stance.

Walking Stance

L-Stance

Close Stance

Diagonal Stance One-Leg Stance

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT The arm is extended rather than

bent and has reached the target

without twisting.

INCORRECT The opposite side fist is not in

front of the shoulder, thus the

body becomes full facing the

opponent.

L-Stance

INCORRECT

Pushing a larger opponent

places the attacker in an

untenable position.

CORRECT

Only an upset punch is logical

INCORRECT in order to attack the target of

opportunity.

Opponent is closing in.

INCORRECT

Attacker loses advantage

by withdrawing.

Twin Fist (Sang Joomuk) It is performed mainly with walking, close, parallel and X-

stances but occasionally sitting or one-leg stance is used. This

technique is very useful for attacking two targets simultaneously.

Walking Stance

X-Stance

Parallel Stance Sitting Stance One-Leg Stance

Close Stance

U-Shape Punch (Digutja Jirugi) This is usually executed when the hair is grabbed by an

opponent at a close distance. The purpose of this technique is to

deliver both fists against the face and solar plexus simultaneously. It

is mainly performed with an L-stance or a fixed stance.

Keep the fists formed in a vertical line with the body leaning

slightly toward the target while the elbow of the lower arm is

supported against the hip at the moment of impact.

Side View

INCORRECT

The right fist cannot reach the

target because the left elbow is

Front View

extended

INCORRECT

Punching part of neither fist

can contact with the target.

Downward Punch (Naeryo Jirugi) The fist is delivered vertically toward the

ground or floor. This technique is used for

attacking an opponent who has fallen down. It is

usually executed from a walking or L-stance but

occasionally a rear foot stance is used. A reverse

punch is normal in the case of a walking stance.

L-Stance Walking Stance

INCORRECT The left leg is bent excessi-

vely, thus the center of gra-

vity is lost.

Fixed Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Walking Stance

INCORRECT

The right heel is off the

ground and the principle

of kinetic force is ig-

nored accordingly.

Crescent Punch (8andal Jirugi) This technique is used for medium range, and is mainly

performed with the forefist, though occasionally a fore-knuckle fist is

used.

In both cases the punch can be performed either with a single or

twin fist. The fist reaches the target in an arc, and can be executed

nearly from all stances.

Single Fist The punch must be delivered from a 90

degree angle so that the fist stays at the

center of the attacker's body at the

moment of impact.

Walking Stance

A reverse punch is normal, though an

observe punch is used in rear cases.

X-Stance

Walking Stance

L-Stance Only observe punch is possible, the

same principle is applicable to a

rear foot stance.

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT Attack is ineffective because the fist

is stopped before reaching the point

of focus,

Twin Fist

Turning Punch (Dollyo Jirugi) The principle of this technique is very similar to that of a crescent

punch except that only а middle punch with the forefist is used. The

fist reaches the target in a sharp curve aiming at the solar plexus,

philtrum and abdomen at a closer distance.

The fist must be stayed at the center of the attacker's body at the

moment of impact.

Walking Stance

Only reverse punch is possible.

Diagonal Stance

X-Stance

Parallel Stance

Close Stance

INCORRECT

The fist is stopped before

reaching the point of focus.

Angle Punch (Giokja Jirugi) Both the purpose and method of this technique are very similar

to those of a turning punch except that the fist reaches the opposite

chest at the moment of impact.

An obverse punch is normal in case of a walking stance.

Sitting Stance

Top View

Walking Stance

Close Stance

INCORRECT

The fist cannot reach the

target standing on the side

even though the punch is un-

reasonably extended.

X-Stance

Knuckle Fist Punch (Songarak Joomuk Jirugi) This is classified into fore-knuckle fist, twin fore-knuckle fist,

middle knuckle fist, twin middle-knuckle fist and thumb knuckle fist

They are very widely used in attacking a minute vital spot at a close

distance

The target and method of punch are varied according to the type

of fist.

Fore-Knuckle Fist This is chiefly executed from walking and rear

foot stances, though occasionally sitting, close,

parallel and X-stances are used.

The fist reaches the target either in a straight

line or in an arc.

Walking Stance

Obverse Punch

Reverse Punch

Turning Punch

Crescent Punch

Rear Foot Stance

Parallel Stance

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT

The fist has stopped before

reaching the target.

Twin Fore-Knuckle Fist

This is normally used for attacking the philt-

rum, temple and armpit and is executed mainly

from close, parallel, sitting and X-stances,

though occasionally from a walking or one-leg

stance.

This is widely used from a prone position as

well

Close Stance

Parallel Stance

Sitting Stance

Walking Stance

Middle Knuckle Fist

This technique requires a maximum snap motion with a sharp

twist of the fist during the action, in particular when attacking the

solar plexus. Although it can be executed almost from every stances,

an L, rear foot and X-stances are mostly used

The fist reaches the solar plexus in an uppercut motion and the

backfist faces downward at the moment of impact, with the

exception of this case, the fist becomes vertical to the target

Side View

Rear Foot Stance

X-Stance

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance INCORRECT

Reaction force is lost because the other fist

is pulled to the hip instead of the shoulder.

Twin Middle Knuckle Fist

This technique is very widely used for attacking two opponents

simultaneously at a medium distance. It is mainly executed from

walking, parallel, sitting, close and X-stances, though occasionally a

diagonal or one-leg stance is employed.

Walking Stance

Side View

Front View

Close Stance

Sitting Stance

Side View

Parallel Stance

One-Leg Stance

X-Stance

Front View

INCORRECT The palm faces downward

instead of upward, ignoring

an uppercut motion.

Thumb Knuckle Fist

This is mainly executed from a walking,

sitting or X-stance and occasionally from a

parallel or close stance.

Both an outward and inward punches are

possible, and a reverse punch is normal in the

case of a walking stance.

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

Inward Puneh Outward Punch

Parallel Stance

Close Stance

Left Horizontal Punch

Horizontal Punch (Soopyong Jirugi) This is a useful form for attacking two targets

simultaneously and is executed mainly from a

sitting or diagonal stance, though occasionally

from parallel, close and X-stances.

When the right arm is extended, it is called a

right horizontal punch and vice versa.

While one arm is extended fully, the other is

bent, forming a 90 degree angle. Forearms are

kept parallel and horizontal at the moment of

impact.

Top View

Right Horizonial Punch

Left Diagonal Stance

As a rule, a right hor-

izontal punch is ехе-

cuted from a left diagonal

stance and vice versa.

Right Diagonal Stance

Parallel Stance

X-Stance

INCORRECT A left horizontal punch is delivered instead of a

right horizontal punch, thus the right fist

has failed to reach the target.

Close Stance

Left Diagonal Stance

INCORRECT The right arm is not straigh-

tened because the left fist has stopped

before reaching the point of focus.

Long Fist Punch (Ghin Joomuk Jirugi) This punch is used for a relatively farther

distance and is mainly executed from a sitting,

walking or L-stance but occasionally from parallel,

rear foot, close or X-stance also.

The high section of the body is the target and a

reverse punch is common in the case of a walking

stance.

L-Stance

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

Close Stance X-Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Open Fist Punch (Pyon Joomuk Jirugi) The principle of this technique is the same as

that of the forefist front punch.

A reverse punch with a walking stance is

commonly used but occasionally a sitting, parallel

or X-stance is used.

Side View

Front View

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance Parallel Stance

X-Stance

Double Fist Punch (Doo Joomuk Jirugi) This technique is used for attacking two opponents simul-

taneously approaching from the side front, and is mainly executed

from an L-, rear foot and X-stances, though occasionally a close,

parallel, sitting or one-leg stance is employed.

When the right arm is extended it is called a right double fist

punch and vice versa.

While one arm is extended fully the other is bent slightly.

L-Stance

Coordination of the Fist and Hip

Walking Stance Fists clenched tightly, the hip

moves with the fist in the same

direction and the foot starts to

move forward while the right fist

begins with a backward motion.

Fists slowly clench to As the ball of the foot tou At the moment of impact, the

gether while pur

ng as ches the ground, fists almost hip jerks to provide additional

the foot moves forward. clench lightly, while arms power to the fist. Fists are

revolve. completely clenched.

INCORRECT The fist fails to revolve and the hip does not

jerk. Furthermore the right fist fails to

begin with a backward motion.

Accordingly, the body becomes off balance

resulting in little power.

CORRECT

Raise the hip at the beginning of the motion and lower the hip at the

moment of impact to drop the body weight into the motion, thus

increasing the mass.

INCORRECT

Hip is lowered instead of

being raised.

Thrusting Technique (74/9/)

The fingertip and elbow are the principal tools for this technique.

(Every thrust throughout this book is considered front thrust unless

special direction is mentioned). .

Fingertip This is executed almost in the same manner as

that of the forefist. except that the attacking tool

does not have to be drawn from the hip.

Side View

Forefinger

This can be performed with nearly

every stance, though a walking or L-

stance is most frequently used. A re-

verse thrust is common in the case of a

walking, rear foot or L-stance.

L-Stance

Walking Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Close Stance

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

X-Stance

INCORRECT

The forefinger is

bent upward instead

of downward,

Double Finger This is mainly executed from a walking stance

though occasionally sitting, parallel, low and X-

stances are used. This technique is used for attacking

the eyes only

Obverse Thrust

X-Stance

Reverse Thrust

Low Stance

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

Flat Fingertip This technique is usually executed from a walk-

ing, low, sitting or L-stance, though occasionally from

a parallel, close, rear foot or X-stance. It is used

against the targets above the epigastrium.

A reverse thrust is more frequently used in the

case of a rear foot or L-stance

Low Stance

Walking Stance

L-Stance

Close Stance

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

X-Stance

Rear Foot Stance

One-Leg Stance

INCORRECT

The fingertip is bent upward

rather than downward

Upset Fingertip

This technique is mainly executed from a walking, L-or X-

stance, though occasionally from a rear foot stance. It is used chiefly

against the pubic region but occasionally the armpit.

Insure that the opposite side fist is brought in front of the

shoulder at the moment of impact. A reverse thrust is normal in the

case of a walking stance.

Walking Stance

Front View

Armpit is attacked

L-Stance

Sitting Stance

Rear Froot Stance

X-Stance

Close Stance

INCORRECT The body is leaned forward because

the attack is directed toward the

scrotum instead of the public region.

Straight Fingertip

This is mainly executed from a walking stance but occasionally

from a parallel, sitting or X-stance. Be sure to block the opponent's

attacking tool with the palm while executing the thrust as the

opponent's reach may be greater than yours.

Walking Stance

Side View

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

Front View

Side View

INCORRECT

Impossible to block parallel with a

thumb ridge.

X-Stance

INCORRECT

The opposite hand is not intended

to support the attacking arm

Opponent has succeeded in reaching his

target because the block has been

unsuccessful.

INCORRECT Solar plexus is attacked be-

cause the left fist is pulled to

the hip.

Angle Fingertip

This is mainly performed with a walking, para-

Не! or X-stance, though occasionally a sitting, close

or one-leg stance is employed.

The principle of this technique is the same as

that of a crescent punch

Be sure to keep the fingertip in a vertical

position to the middle section and horizontal po-

sition to the high section at the moment of impact.

Walking Stance

Front View

Side View

Parallel] Stance

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

Front View

One-Leg Stance

Close Stance

Side View

INCORRECT

The fingertip cannot reach the op-

ponent who stands on the side even

though the thrust is extended

Thumb The principle of this technique is very similar to

that of aturning punch.

It is executed mainly from a walking or

sitting stance and occasionally from a parallel or

X-stance. Areverse thrust isnormalin case of а

walking stance.

Walking Stance

Parallel Stance

Sitting Stance

X-Stance

INCORRECT

The attack has failed

because the thumb is

bent inward.

Downward Thrust (Naeryo Tu/gi)

The flat fingertip and the straight elbow are the principal tools

for this technique

Flat Fingertip The principle of downward punch is applicable

to this technique, however, the targets are different

An obverse thrust is normal in the case of a walking,

rear foot or L-stance

Walking Stance

Side View

Rear Foot Stance

1.-Stance

Straight Elbow (Sun Palkup) This is mainly executed from a rear foot, close, L-or X-stance.

though occasionally from a walking, parallel, one-leg or vertical

stance also.

This technique is chiefly used for attacking the upper back, small

of the back in the form of a downward thrust

Keep the back fist facing the front and the forearm vertical at the

moment of impact. However, it can also be used for defence in rare

cases.

Rear Foot Stance

L-Stance

X-stance

Walking Stance

Close Stance

One-Leg Stance

Vertical Stance

Rear Foot Stance

INCORRECT

The elbow has missed the target because

the forearm is positioned obliquely in-

stead of vertically.

Side Thrust (Yop Tu/gi) If the thrust is delivered to the flank, it is called a side thrust

Although the flat fingertip and side elbow play the main part in this

technique, the forefinger and double side elbow are frequently used

too

Forefinger It is mainly executed from a sitting or X-

stance and occasionally from a close, one

leg or parallel stance.

X-Stance Sitting Stance

Double Finger

Eyes are the only target

Close Stance

One-Leg Stance

Parallel Stance

Flat Fingertip

It is mainly executed from a sitting or parallel

stance, though occasionally a close, diagonal,

one-leg or X-stance is used.

Parallel Stance

Top View

Sitting Stance

Side Front Thrust (Yobap Tu/gi)

This technique is used for attacking an opponent

approaching from the side front.

One-Leg Stance

Side Elbow (Yop Pal/kup) This is also divided into single

and twin side elbow. The former is

executed from an L-, rear foot or

fixed stance and the latter from X-,

parallel, close, sitting, walking and

one-leg stances.

Single Side Elbow (Wae Yop РаКир) The philtrum and solar plexus are the

main targets with the floating ribs and

chest as secondary. This technique is

normally performed in a sliding motion.

Keep the back fist faced downward

with the thrusting elbow slightly raised at

the moment of impact.

L-Stance

Rear Foot Stance

INCORRECT

The thrusting elbow is pointed to the side rear beeause

of opposite palm is brought to the fore fist.

Fixed Stance

Twin Side Elbow (Sang Yop Palkup) The targets are the same as in a

single side elbow. Keep both side fists

faced downward at the moment of

impact.

Top View

X-Stance

Close Stance

Parallel Stance

101

Horizontal Thrust (Soopyong Tulgi) This technique can be performed with either

a single or twin elbow. In both cases, keep the

elbows horizontal with the shoulder and the

back fist faced upward at the moment of

impact.

Twin Elbow (Sang Pa/kup) This is used in attacking two opponents

simultaneously, and is mainly executed

from a close, parallel, walking and X-

stances, though occasionally a sitting or

one-leg stance is employed.

Close Stance

Parallel Stance |

Walking Stance

X-Stance

102

INCORRECT

Attack is not suecessful because the

elbows are pointed slightly backward.

Sitting Stance

Single Elbow (Wae Ра/Кир) It can be executed from nearly all stances and

the force of thrusting elbow is strengthened with

the aid of the opposite palm.

Close Stance

X-Stance

One-Leg Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Top View

Front View

Back Elbow (Dwit Pa/kup) This is used for attacking an opponent ap-

proaching from the rear. And ia mainly executed

from a sitting or parallel stance and occasionally

a close, one-led or X-stance.

The force of thrusting elbow is strengthened

normally with the aid of the opposite finger belly.

It is used for attacking an opponent at a side rear

angle

Keep the elbow raised slightly higher than the

first with the back fist facing downward at the

moment of impact though the opposite side fist

can be placed on the under fist.

Sitting Stance

Back View

Front View

Parallel Stance

Close Stance

X-Stance

One-Leg Stance

INCORRECT INCORRECT

The elbow is pointed Attack is impossible because the elbow is pointed inward

outward and the opoonent is at the center of attacker.

Twin Side Back Elbow (Sang Yop Dwi Palkup)

This is mainly executed from close, parallel or X-stances and

occasionally a sitting, walking or one-leg stance.

It is used for attacking two opponents simultaneously ap-

proaching from the side rear. Keep the elbows slightly higher than the

first with back fists faced downward at the moment of impact. This

technique is executed only with a twin elbow.

Parallel Stance

Top View

Close Stance

Side View Front View

106

X-Stance

Front View Sitting Stance

Walking Stance One-Leg Stance

Back View Top View

INCORRECT The attack has failed because the elbows are pointed directly to

the rear instead of to the side rear

107

Cross-Cut (Ghutgi)

The flat fingertip is the only tool for this technique. It is classified

into a front and side cross-cut, and the former is further broken down

into an outward and inward cross-cut.

(All cross-cuts throughout this book are considered front cross cuts

unless special direction is mentioned.)

Outward Cross-Cut (Bakuro Свид!) When the attacking tool reaches the target

from inward to outward, it is called an outward

cross-cut.

This can be performed with nearly all stances

though walking, rear foot and L-stances are mainly

used. Overse cross-cut is not logical in the case of

an L- or rear foot stance.

Walking Stance

Front View

Side View

Side View Sitting Stance

L-Stance

Top View

Inward Cross-Cut (Апиго Ghutgi) When the attacking tool reaches the target

inwardly, it is called an inward cross-cut.

Although this can be executed from every

stance, walking, L- and X-stances are mainly

used

Both obverse and reverse cross-cuts are

possible for all stances.

Side View

Front View

Walking Stance

L-Stance X-Stance

it)

Side View у

Fixed Stance

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

Close Stance

One-Leg Stance

Side Cross-Cut (Yop Ghutg/) When the cross-cut is delivered to the flank, it is called a side

cross-cut. The attacking tool reaches the target outwardly.

This is mainly executed from a sitting, parallel or X-stance and

occasionally from a one-leg or close stance.

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

Front View

Back View

One-Leg Stance

X-Stance Close Stance

111

Coordination of Hip and Fingertip

CORRECT

Fists are clenched slightly, and

the right hand moves in the

same direction as the hip, con-

ducting a backward motion.

INCORRECT Not only does the right hand The hip moves in the opposite

form a flat fingertip prema direction from the right hand

turely but fails in its backward

motion.

112

Fists are still slightly clenched. Right hand almost forms a flat

fingertip.

As a result power is tremendously reduced.

113

Striking Technique (Taerigi) The striking is classified into side, front, inward, outward, side

front, side rear, downward and elbow strikes.

The attacking tool reaches the target generally in a straight line

with the exception of a high elbow.

Elbow (Palkup)

Elbow is a powerful tool at close range. The front, upper,

upper-back and high elbows are utilized for striking.

Upper Elbow Strike (Wi Palkup Taerigi) This is usually executed from a walking stance.

A reverse strike is common in the case of a walking

stance and it is employed for attacking the op-

ponent at a side front angle.

The only target is the point of chin. At the

moment of impact the body becomes full facing

with the back fist facing upward.

Front View

INCORRECT

Against an opponent standing directly in

front, the elbow has missed the target.

Top View

115

Upper-Back Elbow Strike (Widwi Pa/kup Taerigi) This technique 1$ used for attacking the front and rear simul-

taneously and is chiefly executed from a walking stance in the form of

a reverse strike, though occasionally sitting, parallel, close and X-

stances are used.

When the right elbow is in front, the strike is called a right upper

back elbow strike and vice versa. Be sure to keep the side fist faced

upward with the body half facing at the moment of impact

Walking Stance

Top View

Right Upper Back Elbow Strike

Sitting Stance

Left Upper Back Flbow Strike

116

Close Stance

Side View

Parallel Stance

X-Stance

INCORRECT The body becomes full facing with the side fist-in

this case the right side fist-facing inward instead of

upward resulting in missing both targets.

Front View Side View

117

Front Elbow Strike (Ap Ра/Кир Taerigi) It is mainly executed from a walking, close, X- or parallel stance.

The striking force is strengthened with the aid of the opposite palm

during practice and used for attacking the epigastrium, philtrum or

solar plexus from the side front angle. The body becomes full facing

with the back fist facing upward at the moment of impact. A reverse

strike is common in the case of a walking stance.

Be sure to bring the opposite palm either to the elbow or side fist

at the moment of impact.

Walking Stance

Front View

Side View

X-Stance

Side View

Parallel Stance

INCORRECT Obverse strike does not work be-

cause the elbow cannot reach the

opponent even though standing

at the side front.

INCORRECT

Against opponent standing

directly in front, the elbow

has missed the target

119

High Elbow Strike (Nopun Palkup Taerigi) It can be executed from most stances. Jaw and philtrum are the

best targets. Bring the other palm to the side fist to strengthen the

Striking force. The fist is slightly lower than the elbow with the back

fist facing upward while the body becomes side facing at the

moment of impact

Walking Stance

Front View

Side View Side View

120

Close Stance

Sitting Stance

X-Stance

Parallel Stance

INCORRECT Against the opponent standing

in a side front angle, the elbow

has missed the target.

INCORRECT The elbow has stopped before

reaching the target because

the body becomes full facing

instead of side facing.

121

Inward Strike (Anuro Taerigi) When the attacking tool reaches the target inwardly it is called

an inward strike. The knife-hand is the prime tool though occasion-

ally twin knife-hand, twin reverse knife-hand, under fist, palm and

bear hand are used.

This technique is effective in attacking the target located at the

side front in most cases.

Knife-Hand Inward strike with a knife-hand can be

executed from nearly all stances, though

walking, rear foot and L-stances are mainly

used,

Top View Walking Stance Both obverse and reverse strike are possible,

Obverse Strike

Reverse Strike

122

L-Stance Both obverse and = revers strikes are

possible but be sure to bring the opposite

side fist in front of the shoulder at the

moment of impact. The same princip-

les are applicable to the rear foot and

vertical stances.

Obverse Strike

Reverse Strike

Fixed Stance

INCORRECT Not only the stance itself is broken but the

attacking tool cannot reach the target. The

same principle is applicable to a rear foot

stance or fixed stance..

123

Rear Foot Stance

Reverse Strike X-Stance

Vertical Stance

Close Stance

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT

The attacking tool is over extended, passing the point of

focus because the other fist is pulled to the hip instead of

the shoulder.

The same principle is applicable to L-, vertical or

fixed stance.

124

Twin Knife-Hand (Sang Sonkal) This is mainly executed from walking, sitting

and X-stances, and occasionally a parallel or

close stance is used

Keep the body full facing the target at the

moment of impact.

Walking Stance

Side View

125

126

Twin Reverse Knife-Hand (Sang Золка/ Dung) The principle of this technique is the same as that of a twin knife

hand strike with one exception: the attacking tool reaches the target

in an arc rather than a straight line.

Walking Stance

Front View

X-Stance

Parallel Stance

Sitting Stance

Side View

127

Under Fist

It is mainly executed from walking, sitting and

X-stance and occasionally a parallel, close or

diagonal stance.

Walking Stance

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

Bear Hand The method of use

is the same as that of

under fist but the ear

point is the only

target.

128

Palm It can be executed nearly from all stances

though walking and rear foot stances are normally

used,

The jaw and lips are the targets, and a reverse

strike is common in the case of a rear foot or L-

stance.

Rear Foot Stance

Parallel Stance

Sitting Stance

Finger Pincers The principle of this

technique is the same as

that of crescent punch.

The Adam's apple and

throat are the targets.

Areverse strike is normal

in the case of a walking

stance

Walking Stance

129

Donward Strike (Naeryo Taerigi) This technique is divided into front and side downward strikes.

The knife-hand and back fist are the main tools, though occassion-

ally the side fist and back hand are used. In both cases the attacking

tool becomes level with the shoulders at the moment of impact.

Keep the arm straight when using the knife-hand or the side fist

while slightly bending it for the back hand or the back fist at the

moment of impact.

Side Downward Strike (Yop Naeryo Taerigi) The attacking tool reaches the target in a circular motion and can

be executed nearly from all stances, though L-, rear foot, vertical ans

X-stances are most suitable. Keep the forearms crossed in front of the

chest with both back fists faced upward, placing the striking one

under the other at the start of blocking. All downward strikes

throughout this encyclopedia are considered side downward strike

unless special directions are given.

L-Stance

Knife-Hand

Side Fist

130

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

One-Leg Stance

INCORRECT

Strike is not executed

in а circular motion.

Walking Stance

Front Downward Strike (Ap Naeryo Taerigi) The attacking tool reaches the target in a

Straight line and is chiefly executed from walking

and X-stances, though sitting, parallel, close or

one-leg stance is frequently employed.

The knife-hand and side fist are mainly used,

though occasionally the back fist, back hand or

base of knife-hand can be used.

Walking Stance

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

Outward Strike (Bakuro Taerigi) When the attacking tool reaches the target

from inward to outward, it is called an outward

strike, resulting in a side strike. The knife-hand,

back fist and side fist are usually employed, and

occasionally a back hand or twin back fist is used

Side Strike (Yop 7Jaerigi) If the body becomes half facing or side facing

the target at the moment of impact, it is called a

side strike, and is executed in the form of an

outward strike. It can be performed with all

stances. The knife-hand and back fist are primary

weapons, though occasionally the side fist and

back hand are employed.

The attacking too! forms a straight line with

the center of the shoulders at the moment of

impact.

Top View

Knife-Hand It is mainly executed from a sitting, close,

L- and X-stances, though occasionally a

parallel, one-leg, vertical, diagonal or walk-

ing stance is used

A reverse strike is normal in case of

vertical, rear foot and L-stances.

134

Sitting Stance Vertical Stance

One-Leg Stance Diagonal Stance

Close Stance

INCORRECT The knife-hand has passed the point of focus and

failed to keep side facing the target.

The same principle is applicable to a side fist.

135

Side Fist

The principle of this technique is the

same as that of a knife-hand.

L-Stance

Sitting Stance

Front View

One-Leg Stance =

Rear Foot Stance X-Stance

136

Back Fist

This is normally used for attacking the temple. Keep the back fist

half facing the target with the arm slightly bent at the moment of

impact.

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

Close Stance L-Stance

X-Stance

Back Hand

Single Back Hand

This can be performed with all stances, although sitting, parallel,

and X-stance are mostly used.

Sitting Stance L-Stance X-Stance

Twin Back Hand This can be executed mainly from walking, sitting and X-

stances, though occasionally close, parallel or one-leg stance is

used.

Walking Stance

Close Stance Sitting Stance

139

140

Horizontal Strike (Soopyong Taerigi) This technique is mainly performed with twin knife-hand, twin

side fist, and single back fist, and occasionally twin back fist or twin

back hand is used. Be sure to keep the arm straight and horizontal at

the moment of impact

Twin Knife-Hand This is very useful in attacking two

opponents simultaneously approach-

ing from the rear and is chiefly ex

ecuted from walking, sitting and para-

Не! stances, though occasionally a

close stance, one-leg stance or X-

stance is used

Keep the body full facing the front at

the moment of impact

Walking Stance

Parallel Stance

а!

(

Sitting Stance

One-Leg Stance

X-Stance

Close Stance

Twin Side Fist The principle of this

technique is the same

as that of a twin knife-

hand except the dif-

ference of the target.

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT The right fist has failed to reach the target because the body

becomes back facing instead of full facing. The same principle

is applicable to twin knife-hand, twin back fist or twin back

hand.

Back Fist

The principle is the same as that of a twin side fist, however, the

side fist faces downward instead of backward at the moment of

impact.

Single Back Fist

This can be performed with all stances

except a walking stance.

X-Stance

L-Stance

Diagonal Stance

Twin Back Fist

The principle of this technique is the same as

that of a twin knife- hand.

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

Walking Stance

142

Back Hand

The principle of this technique is the same as that of back fist

but the face is the only target

Single Back Hand

The principle is the same as that of a single back fist

Parallel Stance

L-Stance Sitting Stance

Twin Back Hand

The principle is also the same as that

of a twin knife-hand.

Walking Stance One-Leg Stance

143

Coordination of Knife-Hand and Hip

Fists clenched slightly, hip As the body revolves, the

moves in the same direction as fist gradually opens up, for-

the fist while the right hand ming a knife-hand.

conducts a backward motion.

CORRECT

INCORRECT 1. Knife-hand should not be formed at the

beginning, otherwise entire muscles are

tensed.

2. Speed was impaired, resulting in little

power.

INCORRECT Neither the forearms are crossed at the

beginning nor is the fist pulled to the hip at

the moment of impact, resulting in little

power.

144

At the moment of impact, a

proper knife-hand в

formed,

INCORRECT 1. The hip moves in the opposite

direction from the fist.

2. The hip is not jerked, resulting in

little power.

145

Front Strike (Ар Taerigi)

When the body is full facing the target and the attacking tool

remains at the center of the attacker's body at the moment of impact,

it is called a front strike. The back fist knife-hand and reverse knife-

hand are chiefly used with this technique.

Back Fist

This is normally performed with sitting,

walking and X-stances, though occasion-

ally with a close, parallel or diagonal stance.

The philtrum is the primary target with the

temple as secondary. Be sure to bring the

other back fist under the elbow of the

attacking fist which reaches generally the

same level as the eyes of the attacker at the

moment of impact.

Sitting Stance

146

Walking Stance Obverse Strike Walking Stance Reverse Strike X-Stance

One-Leg Stance Close Stance

INCORRECT

an INCORRECT Fist is delivered in a

Striking with a side fist, downward motion, thus

missing the philtrum. missing the philtrum.

INCORRECT Fist is delivered in

upward motion, missing

the chin.

147

Knife-Hand

This is mainly executed from sitting, walking, parallel and X-

stances, though occasionally from a close, one-leg stance or

standing position.

A reverse strike is normal in the case of a walking stance. Keep

the arm bent properly and the other hand brought over the arm or in

front of the forehead at the moment of impact.

Be sure to attack the target from the side front so that the knife-

hand is stopped just at the center of the attacker's own body.

Walking Stance

Walking Stance Sitting Stance

Front View

148

Parallel Stance

X-Stance

Standing Postion

Close Stance

One-Leg Stance

INCORRECT Not only the reaction force is reduced but

the knife-hand has failed to stay at the center

because the other fist is pulled to the hip.

The same principle is applicable to a reverse

knife-hand front strike.

149

Top View

Sitting Stance

Reverse Knife-Hand

This is mainly performed with walking, sitting

and X-stances but occasionally a parallel or

close stance is used

Bring the opposite hand, either under or on

the elbow joint at the moment of impact and be

sure to attack the target from the side front so

that the reverse knife-hand stays at the center

of the attacker's own body.

Walking Stance

X-Stance

Crescent Strike (Bandal Taerigi)

The method of this technique is the same as

that of the crescent punch, It is performed with

arc-hand and finger pincers.

Arc-Hand

This is used for attacking the high

section of the body only, and is executed

mainly from walking, sitting and X-

stances, and occasionally parallel, close

and diagonal stances are used.

A reverse strike is normal in the case ofa

walking stance.

Sitting Stance

X-Stance

Close Stance

Diagonal Stance

Finger Pincers

Although a reverse strike with a walking stance is normal, it can

be executed from a sitting, parallel or X-stance

Sitting Stance Walking Stance

X-Stance

Parallel Stance

Both the arc-hand and

finger pincers are also used

as in the form of a front

punch but the target is at a

side front angle.

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

Back View

Side Back Strike (Yopdwi Taerigi)

This is a useful technique for attacking an

opponent standing at a side rear angle.

It can be executed from nearly every stance,

though walking sitting and close stances are mostly

employed.

The back fist is chiefly used, though back hand

may be used in rare cases.

Keep the attacking tool full facing the target

while extending the opposite arm to the side

downward at the moment of impact.

Close Stance

INCORRECT

Attacking the opponent standing

directly behind is not possible.

Side Front Strike (Yobap Taerigi) This technique is used for attacking an opponent standing at the

side front. It is executed mainly from walking and close stances, and

occasionally one-leg stance.

The back fist is chiefly used, though occasionally a reverse knife-

hand or back hand is employed.

Back Fist A reverse strike is normal in case of a walking

stance. Be sure to bring the opposite palm either

to the back forearm elbow area or back fist at the

moment of. impact.

Top View

Walking Stance

One-Leg Stance

Reverse Knife-Hand Both reverse and obverse strike are

possible from a walking stance.

Be sure to pull the other fist to the hip at

the moment of impact.

Walking Stance

Obverse Strike

Back Hand

The principle is the same as that of

reverse knife-hand but the target.

Walking Stance Close Stance

X-Stance

156

157

At this point, it becomes necessary for students of Taekwon-Do to

understand correctly the following terminology.

168

Double Attack (/-/Jung Gong Gyok) If the same type of attack is delivered twice in succession in the

same direction by the same attacking tool, it is called a “double

attack” and is classified as follows:

A. Double Punch

B. Double Strike

C. Double Thrust

Each one of these can be executed against one or two opponents,

horizontally or vertically, to the front or to the side.

Triple Attack (Sam Jung Gong Gyok)

|{ the same type of attack is delivered three times in succession in

the same direction by the same attacking tool, it is called a “triple

attack” and is classified into:

A. Triple Punch

B. Triple Strike

C. Triple Thrust

Consecutive Attack (Yonsok Gong Gyok)

The consecutive attack occurs when two or more attacks are

executed in succession by the same hand in different directions or

with different attacking tools. This can also be sub-divided into

punches, strikes, and thrusts.

Combination Attack (Honap Gong Gyok)

When both hands are used to deliver two or more attacks in

succession, the sequence of moves is called а “combination attack”.

Again, combination attacks can be punches, strikes, or thrusts.

This terminology is applicable only while the body is in the air.

159

Flying Front Punch

Flying Upset Punch

Flying Hand Technique (7wimyo Son Gisool) Although most of the attacking techniques while the body is in

the air are performed with the feet in Taekwon-Do, the role of hands

should not be neglected. The hand has an advantage in attacking the

Opponent at a wider range with less risk than the foot.

This is very useful for attacking an opponent from a far distance,

however, attention must be paid to recover a correct posture after

landing.

Flying Punch (7wimyo Jirugi)

Flying Side Punch

Flying Front Punch

Flying Vertical Punch Flying Upset Punch

161

Flying Side Strike (Twimyo Yop Taerigi) The knife-hand and back fist are the main

tools for this technique. Occasionally a back

hand or side fist is used

Knife-Hand

Back Fist

Back Hand

Side Fist

Flying Front Strike (7wimyo Ap Taerigi) The principle of attack is the same as that

of a front strike except for the flying motion.

The back fist is chiefly used, but occasion-

ally a knife-hand or reverse knife-hand is

used,

Reverse Knife-Hand

Mid-Air Strike (Ти//о Dolmyo Taerigi) The principle of attack remains the same as the flying side strike

except that the strike is executed while spinning in the air. Spinning

is executed either in 360 degrees or 180 degrees.

The knife-hand is the supreme weapon, though occasionally a

back fist is used.

Spinning 180 Degrees

Spinning 360 degrees

№!

Flying Side Front Strike (Twimyo Yobap Taerigi)

Back fist is the only tool

for this technique.

Flying Flat Fingertip Cross Cut (Twimyo Opun Sonkut Ghutgi)

Both outward and inward cross-cuts

are possible.

Outward Cross-Cut

Inward Cross-Cut

Flying Double Finger Thrust

(Twimyo Doo Sonkarak Tulgi)

164

Flying Double Attack (7wimyo /-Jung Gong Gyok) This technique is very useful against a weaving or bobbing

opponent or opponents since the second or third attack would be

effective in case the first misses the target.

A horizontal attack is used against a weaving opponent whereas

а vertical attack for bobbing.

Flying Double Punch (Twimyo /-Jung Jirugi) This is normally performed with the forefist, although occa

sionally with a middle knuckle fist or twin knuckle fist but

flying vertical double front punch is not logical.

Flying Vertical Double Side Punch

(Twimyo Soojik I-Jung Yop Jirugi)

Forefist

Middle Knuckle Fist The side fist must face

downward at the moment

of impact whether it be a

side punch or a front

punch.

165

Flying Horizontal Double Side Punch

(Twimyo Soopyong I-Jung Yop Jirugi)

Flying Horizontal Double Front Punch

(Twimyo Soopyong I-Jung Ap Jirugi)

Middle Knuckle Fist

Flying Vertical Double

Front Punch (Twimyo

Soojik I-Jung Ap Jirugi)

Middle Knuckle Fist

Twin Fist

Only a front punch can be performed.

Top View

167

Flying Double Thrust (7wimyo /-Jung Tulgi) Both the principle and method are the same

as a flying double punch and is chiefly performed

with a flat fingertip, but occasionally a double

finger or forefinger is used.

Flying Vertical Double Side Thrust

(Twimyo Soojik I-Jung Yop Tulgi)

Flying Horizontal Double Side Thrust

(Twimyo Soopyong I-Jung Yop Tulgi)

Flying Horizontal Side Thrust

(Twimyo Soopyong Yop Tulgi)

Flying Vertical Double Front Thrust

(Twimyo Soojik I-Jung Ap Tulgi)

Forefinger

Flying Horizontal Double Front Thrust

(Twimyo Soopyong Ap Tulgi)

Flat Fingertip

Flying Double Strike (7wimyo /-Jung Taerigi) This is performed either with a knife-hand or back fist. The

former can execute both inward and outward strikes while the latter

outward strike only.

Both horizontal and vertical strikes are possible.

Flying Horizontal Double Strike

(Twimyo Soopyong I-Jung Taerigi)

Knife-Hand

Only an outward strike is possible.

Outward Strike

Flying Vertical Double Strike

(Twimyo Soojik I-Jung Taerigi)

Outward Strike

170

Flying Triple Attack (Twimyo Samjoong Gong Gyok)

Both the method and tools to be used are basically the same as

the flying double nand attack with one additional attack.

Flying Triple Punch

(Twimyo Samjoong Jirugi)

Flying Horizontal Triple Punch

(Twimyo Soopyong Samjoong

Jirugi)

Forefist

Front Punch

Side Punch

172

Middle Knuckle Fist

Front Punch

Side Punch * Flying vertical triple punch is not logical.

Twin Fist

Refer to the training section of volume 2 as

to the flying horizontal triple punch.

173

Flying Triple Thrust (7wimyo Samjoong Tulgi)

Both the principle and method are the same as those of a flying

triple punch.

Flat Fingertip Front Thrust

Side Thrust

Flying Triple Strike (7wimyo Samjoong Taerigi)

Flying Horizontal Triple Strike (Twimyo Soopyong

Samjoong Taerigi)

Back Fist Outward Strike

Knife-Hand

Outward Strike

175

Flying Vertical Triple Strike (7wimyo Soojik Samjoong Taerigi)

Knife-Hand

Flying Consecutive Attack (Тийтуо Yonsok Gong Gyok)

Flying Consecutive Punch (Twimyo Yonsok Jirugi)

Flying Front and Upset Punch

Twin Fist

177

Flying Consecutive Strike (Ти/туо Yonsok Taerigi)

Flying Inward and Outward Strike

Knife-Hand Reverse Knife-Hand Back Hand

Flying Cresecent and

Downward Strike

Are-Hand

Flying Side Strike

Back Fist Knife-Hand

Back Fist

Flying Consecutive Thrust (7wimyo Yonsok Tulgi)

Flat Fingertip

Flying Front and Side Thrust

Flying Front and Upset Thrust

Double Finger

Upset Fingertip

Flying Front and Inward Thrust

Forefinger Angle Fingertip

179

Flying Combination Attack (7wimyo Honap Gong Gyok)

Flying Combination Side Punch (Twimyo Honap Yob Jirugi)

Flying combination hand attack can be executed

with any combination of tools and methods;

e.g. front punch with back fist side strike,

knife-hand inward strike with side punch or

double side punch with back fist front strike

and so on

Porefist

Flying Front Punch

Forefist

Flying Combination Strike (Ти/туо Нопар Taerigi)

Flying Outward Strike

Knife-Hand

Flying Side and Downward Strike Back Fist

Flying Combination Thrust (7wimyo Honap Tulgi)

Flat Fingertip Double Finger Porefinger

181

Overhead Punch (7wio Мото vJirugi) This technique can be effectively used for attacking two targets

simultaneously beyond or through an obstacle. This is somewhat

similar to the tumbling technique in gymnastics except in punching

itself. Twin fist is the only attacking tool.

Front Punch

Vertical Punch

Dodging Attack (Pihamyo Gong Gyok)

The main purpose of this technique is to attack an opponent

who is at a too close range for a decisive blow. This technique can

only be accomplished while the body is in the air.

Dodging Punch (Pihamyo Jirugi)

Front Punch

Side Punch

Knife-Hand

Back Fist

Thrust

В. DEFENCE TECHNIQUES

(Bang Eau Gi)

As mentioned earlier, Taekwon-Do was designed primarily as a self-

defence and this is the main reason so much emphasis is placed on moral

civilization and exactness of technique

In a literal sense, Taekwon-Do is exactly that: a self-defense. This is

why students should concentrate on defense. The defense itself, however,

carries out the attacking role at the same time. Thus the idea of defensive-

offensive is well co-ordinated.

OH-JA (300 B.C.) said:

“It is neither righteous to avoid fighting when the enemy attacks, пог

humanitarian to cry over the dead bodies after neglecting one’s defence.”

Defence is broken down into blocking and dodging. The former can

be compared with a deliberate defense while the latter to a delaying action

in military tactics. These are a few basic principles for defense:

1. Always maintain a half facing posture during maneuvers toward and

away from an opponent with a few exceptions

2. Mantain a flexible ready posture at all times

3. Remain constantly aware so you are able to execute a counter-attack

the instant an opportunity avails itself

BLOCKING (Makgi) The types of blocks vary according to the relative position of the

blocking tool, facing posture, method of blocking, type of blocking tool

and the purpose of the block. There are also some basic principles that

should be observed.

1. Keep the arm bent 15-45 degrees so you are able to intercept the

attacking tool obliquely.

2. Never extend the blocking too! beyond the point of focus. 3. At the moment of blocking, lower the shoulder of the blocking arm

slightly.

4. With few exceptions, the blocking too! must be withdrawn im-

mediately after contact.

5. The blocking tool should form a triangle, with few exceptions, from the

contact point upwards to the shoulders.

185

High Block (Nopunde Makgi) If the fist or fingertip reaches the same level of the defender’s

eyes at the moment of block, it is called a high block. It is used to

intercept the opponent's attacking tool directed toward the neck and

point above.

The fist or fingertip, however, reaches exactly the same level as

the eyes if the philtrum is attacked.

The attacking tool directed The attacking tool directed

to the philtrum is blocked. to the temple is blocked.

186

The attacking tool directed to the neck

artery is blocked.

The blocking tool forms a triangle with the

shoulders at the moment of the block. This

principle is applied to middle and low blocks

also.

187

Middle Block (Kaunde Мака!) If the fist or fingertip reaches the same level as the defender’s

shoulder, it is called a middle block. It is used to intercept the

opponent's attacking tool directed against the solar plexus and areas

above. It can also be executed from almost every stance and is

performed with the same weapon employed for a high block in

addition to an X-knife-hand.

The side instep, side sole, foostsword, ball of the foot and back

sole play an important role in this block and will be explained in detail

in the section dealing with the foot techniques in volume no. 4

Low Block (Najunde Makgi) The purpose of this technique is to intercept an opponent's

attacking foot or hand directed against the lower abdomen or points

below.

The blocking tool, with rare exceptions, must make impact with

the attacker's foot or hand at the same level аз the target area. The

low block is performed with the outerforearm, knife-hand, reverse

knife-hand, double forearm, palm and side sole which will be dealt

with in the foot techniques, volume 4 of the encylopedia.

Walking Stance

Forearm

Knife-Hand

In Taekwon-Do, in addition to high

middle, and low sections of the body, (|

itis further divided laterally into center,

chest and side front lines.

A - center line |

В - chest line |

C - side front line |

Inward Block (Anuro Makgi) If the blocking tool reaches the target from an outward to inward

trajectory to the chest line, it is called an inward block. This block can

be executed from all stance. Be sure to bring the opposite side fist in

front of the shoulder at the moment of block.

Note: Inward block cannot be per

formed with an inner forearm or

back hand,

193

Outward Block (Bakuro Makgi) When the blocking tool reaches the target from an inward to

outward trajectory, it is called an outward block. It can be performed

with any stance.

Note:

An outward block is not

possible with the palm.

195

Forearm

This is performed mainly with walking, rear foot, fixed and L-

stance, though occasionally with a sitting or X-stance

Only the outer forearm is used for this technique. The tibia of the

kicking foot and the back of the punching fist toward the lower

abdomen are the targets. The outer tibia or inner tibia can also be the

target in case of a sitting or X-stance.

It can perform both obverse and reverse blocks in case of a

walking, rear foot or L-stance but not an inward block except with an

X-stance or sitting stance

Keep half facing the target at the moment of the block except

with a sitting or X-stance

*1. The distance between the under forearm and the thigh is about 20

centimenters.

2. The forearm becomes parallel to the thigh.

3. The elbow is bent about 25 degrees outward.

4. Pull the other fist to the hip while blocking.

Walking Stance

One can perform both obverse and reverse blocks in the

form of an outward block. An inward block is not logical!

Obverse Block

Top View

> The blocking tool forms а triangle

и View with the shoulders.

196

Side View Side View

Reverse Block

INCORRECT

The block is made with the side

fist instead of the forearm.

INCORRECT It is somewhat similar to middle

block rather than low block, ex-

posing the vital spot.

INCORRECT Block is performed with the upper

position of the arm instead of the

forearm.

INCORRECT The abdomen is exposes since

the block is made with the

backfist instead of the

forearm.

INCORRECT The lower abdomen is attacked, be-

cause the body becomes full facing

and the forearm is unnecessarily

extended outward.

INCORRECT The forefist has passed over

the tibia instead of blocking

with the forearm. As a result,

the abdomen can be attacked.

INCORRECT

It is difficult to see the target

exposing the armpit to the opponent.

199

INCORRECT The elbow joint can be broken,

since it is locked and lacks

flexibility.

INCORRECT

The elbow is over bent, thus

exposing the lower abdomen.

INCORRECT

The lower abdomen is exposed, because of an inward block. The

same thing is applicable to all stances with exception of the low

front block.

200

пее A reverse block is common, though occasionally an

»bverse block can be executed.

An obverse is alv accompanied by a middle block

with the opposite inner forearm

The same principle is applied to rear foot stance.

Reverse Block

Front View Side View

Back View

Side View Top View

201

Obverse Block

Rear Foot Stance

Side View

Obverse Block Reverse Block

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

Palm

Although this can be executed from almost every stance,

walking, sitting and X-stances are common. The outer or inner tibia is

the target.

Both obverse and reverse blocks are possible, but not outward

block,

Walking Stance

The body becomes full facing the

target at the moment of block

Obverse Block

Reverse Block Sitting Stance

Side View

L-Stance Rear Foot Stance

X-Stance

203

Knife-Hand This is mainly performed with walking, rear foot, L-, and fixed

stances, and occasionally a sitting or X-stance

The inner and outer tibias are the targets This is used in blocking the opponent's attack directed toward

the lower abdomen.

Walking Stance The knife-hand with a waliing stance can

execute both obverse or reverse and outward or

inward blocks.

1. Keep the body full facing the target 2. Keep the elbow bent about 10 degrees

inward

Obverse Block

Reverse Block

INCORRECT

The knife-hand has passed over

; {

stead of making contact with the J A

outer tibia because the opposite

the opponent's kicking foot in-

fist is not brought in front of the

shoulder. As a result the lower abdomen is open to the attack.

204

L-Stance The knife-hand with an L-stance can perform both an obverse and

reverse or inward and outward blocks. The same principle is applied to a rear

foot, stance.

Top View

Reverse Block

Obverse Block

INCORRECT The body becomes full facing be-

cause the opposite fist is pulled to

the hip instead of the shoulder.

The same principle is applicable

to a rear foot stance.

205

Rear Foot Stance

Reverse Block

Obverse Block

INCORRECT The lower abdomen is exposed

as the fist is pulled to the hip

instead of the shoulder.

206

Sitting Stance

Top View

Forearm The principle is the same as that of a knife-hand, however low

block can be executed only from sitting and X-stances, only the outer

foream is used for this block

X-Stance

207

Reverse КпНе-Напа This is mainly performed with walking, sitting, rear foot and L-

stances, and occasionally with a close, parallel or X-stance. The inner

tibia or outer tibia of the kicking foot directed against the lower

abdomen is the target. Only an inward block is possible.

Walking Stance The reverse knife-hand with a walking stance can

perform both an obverse and reverse blocks. The body

in both cases must be full facing the target at the

moment of the block.

1.The distance between the palm and thigh is no more than 15 centimeters

2.The forearm is parallel to the thigh

3. Keep the elbow bent about 10 degrees outward

Obverse Block

Front view

Reverse Block

Side View

208

INCORRECT Since the block is performed in the form of

an outward block, the block is executed

against the knee area instead of the outer

or inner tibia. As a result low section of the

body is completly exposed.

L-Stance It can perform both an obverse and reverse blocks,

though a reverse block is common

The same principle is applicable to a rear foot

stance

Reverse Block

Obverse Block

INCORRECT

The reason is the same as mentioned

in the walking stance above.

)

Rear Foot Stance

|| Obverse Block

Reverse Block

Sitting Stance

X-Stance

INCORRECT

rhe lower abdomen is exposed because the

fist is pulled to the hip.

Note: An inward block cannot be

performed with an inner

forearm or back hand

210

Knife-Hand

This technique is chiefly executed from walking, rear foot, L

and sitting stances, though occasionally fixed or X-stance is used.

The inner or outer tibia is the target, and the Achille’s tendon can

also be the target in case of a sitting or X-stance.

Walking Stance

The knife-hand with a walking stance can perform

both obverse and reverse or outward and inward blocks

Be sure to keep the body half facing the target at the

moment of block.

+ 1. Keep the distance between the palm and

thigh about 15 centimeters.

. The elbow is bent about 15 degrees outward . Keep the body half facing the target. . Pull the other fist to the hip while blocking.

ом

Reverse Block

Obverse Block

211

L-Stance The Knife-Hand with an L-stance can execute both obverse

and reverse, inward and outward blocks.

The same principle is applicable to a rear foot stance

* 1. The distance between the palm and thigh is

about 15 centimeters.

2. The forearm became parallel to the thigh.

3. Keep the elbow bent about 15 degrees

outward

Reverse Block

Obverse Block

212

Front Block (Ар Makgi) If the body is full facing the target and the blocking stays at the

center of the defender's body, regardless of the blocking tool stance

used or previous position of the opponent the block is called a front

block. It is mainly performed with the outer forearm, knife-hand tool

twin palm and palm, though occasionally X-fist, X-knife-hand and

reverse knife-hand are used.

The front block is performed in the form of inward block in all

cases except X-fist, X-knife-hand and twin palm. Be sure to bring the

finger belly either to the side fist of forearm at the moment of block.

Forearm

Only the outer forearm is used and is mainly

executed from walking sitting and X-Stances,

though occasignally a parallel, close, one-leg or

diagonal stance is used.

Both obverse and reverse blocks are possible

in case of walking stance, Both the knife-hand

and palm are used in the same way.

Forearm Palm

Гор View

Walking Stance

Knife-Hand

Diagonal Stance Parallel Stance Close Stance

X-Knife-Hand

X-Fist This technique is used

for high and middle blocks.

The walking and sitting

stances are mainly used,

though an X-, parallel or

close stances are frequently

used to. The X-knife-hand

is used in the same way.

Sitting Stance

X-Knife-Hand

X-Stance

Twin Palm

This technique is mainly executed from walk-

ing and sitting stances, and occasionally a parallel,

close or X-stances are employed.

}

НГ ap

X-Stance

Sitting Stance Walking Stance

Reverse Knife-Hand

This tool is used only for a low block and

: . is chiefly executed from walking, sitting and

Parallel Stance X-stances.

Walking Stance Sitting Stance

INCORRECT The blocking tool has stopped before

reaching the center of the body, thus

exposing the vital spot.

INCORRECT The blocking tool has passed the point

of focus beeause the left finger belly fails

to be on the right back forearm.

Top View

INCORRECT The block is performed outwardly

rather than inwardly. As a result:

1. The blocking tool must pass the

Opponent exposing the vital

spot

The blocking tool focuses short of

the point of contact.

INCORRECT Half facing instead of full facing, thus

exposing the side of the body even when

the blocking tool has stopped at the

center of the face.

218

Front block is to be executed toward all

directions.

Toward the rear

Toward the right Toward the left

Toward the front

219

Side Block (Yop Мака!) When the body is half or side facing the opponent at the moment

of block, regardless of the blocking tool, stance used, or previous

position of the opponent, it is called a side block. This block can be

performed with any stance and every blocking tool

The blocking tool is focused toward the center of the defender's

shoulders.

This last statement is emphasized throughout the book for

logical reasons. A block focused too short of the target will result in a

very weak block that can be deflected with a strong punch or kick.

A block focused beyond the defender’s body will result in

creating an exposure. The same principle is applicable to а low block.

Sitting Stance

X-Stance

Toward the rear

Side block is to be

executed toward all

directions.

Toward the left

Toward the front

221

L-Stance

INCORRECT

The blocking tool has stopped before

reaching the point of contact

INCORRECT The blocking tool has passed the

center of the shoulders, thus expos-

ing the vital spot completely.

Close Stance

X-Stance

Side Front Block (Yobap Makgi)

This technique is employed when intercepting an

attack from a side front angle toward the middle

section and points above

It is mainly executed from close, parallel and

sitting stances but occasionally one-leg and X-

stances are used. The inner forearm and reverse knife-

hand are the blocking tools.

Only an outward block is possible. Keep the

thumb in a straight line with the elbow while extend-

ing the opposite arm downward at the moment of the

block

Sitting Stance

One-Leg Stance

223

Double Forearm Block (Doo Palmok Мака!) This is one of the strongest forms of blocking. The advantage of

this technique is the ability to quickly shift one forearm into another

block while still blocking with the other.

И 1$ mainly performed in a walking or X-stance, though

occasionally an L-stance or rear foot stance also. Only the inner

forearm is used.

Always be sure to keep the body half facing the target, bringing

the second knuckle of the little finger to the elbow at the moment of

the block.

Walking Stance

Both an obverse and reverse blocks

ean be performed in this stance.

The blocking tool forms a

triangle with the shoudlers.

Obverse Block

Side View

224

L-Stance

Double forearm with an L-stance or rear foot

stance can perform only a reverse block

Front View

Side View

INCORRECT

The entire body is exposed

because of an obverse block.

X-Stance

INCORRECT The fist is delivered in an

upward motion, failing to

punch the target in this case,

the point of the chin.

INCORRECT

Back fist has missed the

target-in this case, the

philtrum.

INCORRECT

The muscles of the hip and abdomen

are not utilized and the body be-

comes full facing. As a result the

lower abdomen is exposed.

INCORRECT

The block is performed in an upward motion instead of a side

motion, missing the target because both fists are drawn from

the hip

227

Waist Block (Hori Makgi) The use of this technique is primarily to block the foot. It can,

however, be utilized against a hand technique employed against the

epigastrium or floating ribs. The blocking tool reaches the same level

as the defender’s waist at the moment of the block

It is usually performed with the outer forearm and inner forearm

though occasionally with a palm.

It is absolutely necessary to move into an opponent when

blocking a turning or reverse turning kick.

Only a reverse block is possible.

Outer Forearm

L-Stance This is chiefly executed from a rear foot or L-

stance, and occasionally a vertical or X-stance

The blocking tool reaches the target in a

circular motion. It is mainly used against a

reverse turning and turning kicks and occa-

sionally a side or back piercing kick.

Vertical Stance

Rear Foot Stance

X-Stance

228

Inner Forearm

This is chiefly executed from an L- or rear foot

stance, and occasionally an X- or vertical stance.

The inner forearm is also widely used against

a turning kick or reverse turning kick although it

is more frequently used against a side piercing or

thrusting kick and punching techniques, and

occasionally a front snap kick. The block is

performed in a scooping motion

L-Stance

X-Stance

Vertical Stance

Palm

The palm can be used in the

same way as the outer forearm.

L-Stance

Rear Foot Stance

X-Stance

230

232

Checking Block (Momchau Makgi) This is used chiefly to block reverse turning kick and turning

kick, and in rare case a hand technique against the solar plexus and

points above. It is performed with X-fist, X-knife-hand, straight

forearm or straight knife-hand.

X-Fist (Kyocha Joomuk) This is mainy executed from sitting, rear foot

and L-stance, though occasionally an X-stance.

Right forearm is placed inside the left forearm

with a right L-stance or right rear foot stance and

vice versa.

The crossed point should be slightly higher

than the elbows at the moment of the block

Side View

Rear Foot Stance

X-Stance

X-Knife-Hand (Kyocha Sonkal) Both the method and purpose of the block are

the same as those of an X-fist except that a grabbing

motion follows the block.

Rear Foot Stance

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

L-Stance

Twisting

INCORRECT The block is ineffective because

the crossed point forms a horiz-

ontal line with the elbows. The

same principle is applicable to an

X-fist.

Straight Forearm (Sun Ра/ток) This technique is employed for blocking the attacking tool

directed to chest and area above, and is performed either with a

single or twin straight forearm

Sing le Straight Forearm (Wae Sun Palmok) This is usually executed from a rear foot or L-

stance in the form of a reverse block, though

occasionally sitting, parallel, close one-leg or X-

stance is used. The back forearm must be full facing

the opponent at the moment of the block in the case

of a rear foot or L-stance

Rear Foot Stance

L-Stance

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT The blocking tool has failed to

protect the philtrum due to the

obverse block. The same principle

ix applicable to a single straight

knife-hand.

Twin Straight Forearm (Sang Sun Palmok) This is mainly executed from sitting, walk-

ing, close, parallel or X-stance, though occa-

sionally a rear foot, L-or one-leg stance is

used.

Be sure to keep the outer forearms facing the

front at the moment of the block with the

exception of the rear foot or L-stance.

Walking Stance

X-Stance

One-Leg Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Close Stance

236

Single Straight Knife-Hand (Wae Sun Зопка!)

Both the method and usage are the same as

those of a single straight knife-hand.

Rear Foot Stance L-Stance

Twin Straight Knife-Hand (Sang Sun Sonkal)

The principle of this technique is just the

same as that of a twin straight forearm

X-Stance

Walking Stance Sitting Stance

237

Outside Block (Bakat Makgi) A block directed at the outside portion of the attacking arm or foot

is called an outside block. A distinct advantage of this block is that it

prohibits the opponent from utilizing his other arm or foot in a

combination attack. This block can be performed with nearly any

blocking tool or stance.

Rear Foot Stance Back Hand Block

Walking Stance Forearm Block

L-Stance Knife-Hand Guarding Block

Inside Block (Anmakgi) A block directed at the inner portion of the attacking arm or foot

is naturally referred to as an inside block.

This block is also possible with nearly every blocking tool and

stance. The defender must exercise caution with this block, however,

since the opponent's opposite hand or foot can be used in a

combination attack.

Sitting Stance Reverse Knife-Hand

Front Block

Rear Foot Stance Knife-Hand Block

Walking Stance Forearm Block Sitting Stance Knife-Hand Block

Rising Block (Chookyo Makgi)

The main purpose of this technique is to protect the head froma

downward strike or kick the ough its occasionally used against hand

or foot directed toward the face.

This block is performed with a forearm knife-hand, X-fist, x-

knife-hand, arx-hand and twin palm.

Always maintain a full facing poeture towards the opponent at

the moment of the block, when utilizing a walking, sitting, parallel,

close, one-leg, diagonal or x-stance.

The blocking tool must stay at the center of the defender's

forehead or face at the moment of block.

Forearm

Itis used against a downward strike to the forehead or skull

with either a club, pole or hand. Only the outer forearm is used

for blocking.

This can be executed from nearly all stances, though

walking, sitting and X-stances are most commonly employed.

Only a reverse block is possible in the case of a vertical, rear

foot or L-stance. When the right foot is advanced, the right

forearm is used and vice versa in the case of a fixed stance.

Basic Principles :

1. The fist should be slightly higher than the elbow.

2. The distance between the inner forearm and forehead is about

seven centimeters with the elbow bent at a 45 degree angle.

3. The inner forearm reaches the same level as the forehead.

240

Knife-Hand The method of blocking and stances used

are the same as that of a forearm. The

distance between the thumb and forehead is

also 7 centimeters.

Walking Stance

Parallel Stance

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT This block is ineffective since the

forearm is parallel to the pole while

the blocking tool reaches the target

in an arc.

INCORRECT

The knife-hand is too far from the

forehead, thus exposing the vital

Spot.

INCORRECT

The forehead is attacked because the blocking tool

fails to stay at the center of the forehead.

246

INCORRECT A horizontal rising block will

absorb 100 percent of the

striking force.

It is more effective and less

dangerous to block with the

forearm at a 45 degrees,

INCORRECT

The forearm is too close to the

forehead. The defender can be

struck by the recoil of his own fist

while blocking.

The block is ineffective because the blocking

tool has passed the center of the forehead.

246

X-Fist (Kyocha Joomuk) This technique is particularily

powerful when used against a

downward strike with a pole or

hand technique.

The wrists must be crossed in

the center of the forehead at the

moment of the block

Although occasionally a close

or one-leg stance is used, walk-

ing, sitting, parallel and X-stances

are mostly employed.

Walking Stance Sitting Stance

X-Stance

One-Leg Stance

247

INCORRECI The wrists are crossed in front of the

bridge of nose instead of the fore-

head, thus exposing the vital spot.

The same principle is applicable to

an X-knife-hand.

X-Knife-Hand (Kyocha Sonka/)

The method of blocking is the

same as that of an X-fist.

This technique is effective for

grabbing the attacking tool im-

mediately after blocking.

Walking Stance X-Stance Parallel Stance

248

Arc-Hand (Banda/ Son) The arc hand can be executed from of

nearly every stance, though walking and X-

stances are usually preferred. The plam

usually faces the defender with the excep-

tion of a reverse block from a walking

stance. The blocking tool reaches the same

level as the defender’s forehead at the

moment of the block.

Walking Stance X-Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Sitting Stance

Twin Palm (Sang Sonbadak) This technique is ideal when used against

a pick-shape or downward kick.

An advantage of this block is to hold the

attacking foot for further purposes.

Sitting, walking and X-stances are chiefly

used and occasionally a parallel or close

stance.

Sitting Stance Bloeking Twisting

& X-Stance

у в

Close Stance

250

Upward Block (O//yo Мака!) The purpose of this block is to “spring up” an

opponents hand, foot, dagger or stick directed

against the defender’s solar plexus and area

above. The palm, reverse knife-hand, thumb

ridge and bow wrist are used as blocking tools.

The blocking too! should reach its point of

focus at the defender’s solar plexus. Be sure to

bend the eblow about 35 degrees outward at the

moment of the block.

Palm This is performed mostly with a rear foot or L-

stance though occasionally a walking stance is

used

The blocking tool should reach the target ina

circular motion.

Rear Foot Stance

Walking Stance

Only reverse blocks are possible

with rear foot and L-stances,

L-Stance

Reverse block

252

Reverse Knife-Hand Upward block with a reverse knife-hand can be

executed nearly from all stances, though rear foot

and L-stances are mainly used.

The blocking tool should reach its point of

focus in a straight line. Keep the elbow bent about

45 degrees outward at the moment of the block.

Obverse Block

Reverse Block

X-Stance

Thumb Ridge The principle of this technique is basically the same as that of a

reverse knife-hand. Keep the wrist slightly bent upward at the

moment of the block.

Rear Foot Stance

L-Stance Walking Stance

Bow Wrist This is mainly executed from a rear foot stance or L-stance, and

occasionally a walking stance. Most important: do not bend the wrist

al too severe an angle. The blocking tool should reach the target in a

straight line.

Nea

Rear Foot Stance

263

L-Stance

Only а reverse block is possible in

the case of a rear foot or L-stances.

Walking Stance

Obverse Block

INCORRECT

The wrist can be broken

if bent too much.

Оо\уп\мгага Block (Naeryo Makgi) The purpose of this technique is to “drop” the opponent's hand,

foot or weapon attacking the solar plexus and point below. It is

performed with the palm, outer forearm, twin palm, knife-hand, X-

fist and X-knife-hand. In rare cases, a straight elbow can be used.

The blocking too! must focus at the same level as the defender’s

solar plexus at the moment of the block with the exception of a twin

palm.

Palm This is executed principally from a rear

foot and L-stances, though occasionally a

walking or vertical stance is used.

The blocking tool should reach its point of

focus in a circular motion

Keep the elbow bent about 45 degrees

outward at the moment of the block.

Like the upward block, the palm, forearm

and knife-hand with a walking stance can

be performed in both reverse and obverse

blocks.

L-Stance

Rear Foot Stance

256

INCORRECT The vital spot is exposed because

the elbow is not bent properly

The same principle is applicable to

every stance.

Vertical Stance

Twin Palm This is chiefly performed with a rear

foot and L-stances, although occa-

sionally a vertical or bending stance is

used.

Rear Foot Stance

Bending Stance

L-Stance

Рогеагт Only the outer forearm is used as a blocking tool. This technique

is used to defend the rib cage and can be executed from nearly all

stances. Both obverse and reverse blocks are possible though a

reverse block with a rear foot or L-stance is chiefly employed

The side fist should be higher than the elbow which is bent

about 45 degrees outward at the moment of the block.

L-Stance

Rear Foot Stance Walking Stance

258

Walking Stance Sitting Stance X-Stance

Knife-Hand The principle of this technique re-

mains the same as that of the forearm

but the purpose is to defend the solar

plexus rather than the rib cage.

L-Stance

Rear Foot Stance

L-Stance

259

Straight Elbow This too! is executed principally from a

rear foot or L-stance, though occasionally a

bending or one-leg stance can be used. It is

used to block either the outer ankle joint or

the back wrist if the hand or foot is attacking

the floating ribs or armpit.

Rear Foot Stance

One-Leg Stance

X-Fist This is used to block the attacking foot or hand.

It is performed mainly with walking and X-stances,

though occasionally a sitting, parallel, close or one-

leg stance can be used.

Walking Stance

Close Stance

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

One-Leg Stance

X-Knife-Hand Although the use of this technique is

basically the same as that of an X-fist, an

X-knife-hand has the added advantage of

being in a better position to grab the leg or

hand after executing a block.

Sitting Stance

X-Stance

Parallel Stance

Rear Foot Stance Blocking Twisting

Pressing Block (Noo//o Makgi) This block is executed against a low attack only. This technique

is used only when the defender wishes to check, rather than break

the attacking foot. The palm, twin palm, forefist, and X-fist are

used as blocking tools

Palm This block is always accompanied by a

palm upward block and executed from a

walking or low stance. This technique has

a dual purpose. Not only is it good for

muscle and breath control exercise, but it

also can block two targets simul-

taneously. Keep both elbows bent slightly

outward while blocking.

The instep is the only target for

pressing.

Walking Stance

INCORRECT The blocking hand is parallel to the

attacking tool of opponent, missing the

target because the elbow is straight.

263

Forefist The forefist is performed chiefly with sitting

and diagonal stances, though occasionally a

walking or low stance is used. The instep is the

main target with the inner ankle joint as a

secondary target

This block is always accompanied by a side

front block with the opposite inner forearm in

the case of a sitting or diagonal stance

Diagonal Stance

Sitting Stance

Forefist with a walking or low stances

can perform only a reverse block, and the

opposite side fist must be brought in front

of the shoulder at the moment of the

block.

Walking Stance

Low Stance

264

Twin Palm This is mainly executed from a rear foot,

sitting and walking stances and occa-

sionally, an X-or L-stance.

This technique is effective against the

ball of the foot, heel or knee attack.

Rear Foot Stance

Sitting Stance

L-Stance

Walking Stance

X-Fist The X-fist can be performed from nearly

every stance, though walking, sitting, and X-

stances are most commonly used.

The X-fist is used against the tibia of the

attacking foot aimed at the defender’s lower

abdomen

Walking Stance

[

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT Not only off balance but also

resulted in blocking the knee area

instead of the lower abdomen,

thus exposing the vital spot-in

this case the face.

266

Rear Foot Stance

Walking Stance

L-Stance

INCORRECT

The block is performed with only one forearm instead of

an X-fist. The same principle is applicable to all stances.

268

Hooking Block (Go/cho Makgi) Unlike other methods of blocking, this technique requires a

minimum amount of effort on the part of the defender, and allows the

opposite hand an immediate response for counterattacking. Though

occasionally performed with an outer forearm, knife-hand or bac-

khand, the palm is usually most effective.

This technique can be used in nearly all stances, though walking

stance is commonly used. An inside block can be used but an outside

block can best insure blocking of the opponent's other free hand.

The blocking tool must reach the target in an arc so it is able to be

properly placed on the opponent's back forearm or outer tibia.

Palm

Keep the elbow bent

about 25 degrees out-

ward and the wrist

slightly inward at the

moment of the block.

The palm is the best

tool for increasing the

chances of making a

successful grab.

Outside Hooking Block Blocking Twisting

270

Parallel Stance

L-Stance

INCORRECT

The opponent's fist is already wi

thdrawn even before grabbing.

INCORRECT

The palm must reach the attacking

arm in an arc, not in a straight line.

INCORRECT The blocking tool has stopped before re-

aching the point of focus because of the full

facing posture. The defender must perform

with a half facing posture.

Forearm The under forearm is the blocking

tool. The purpose and method of

blocking are exactly the same as the

palm except that the wrist is not bent

at the moment of a block.

Walking Stance

Knife-Hand The method of blocking is also the

same as that of the palm and the

Purpose is to allow the opposite

hand or foot free for an immediate

counterattack. Keep the elbow

slightly bent inward at the moment

of the block.

Rear Foot Stance

Back-Hand

The method of blocking is the

same as that of the knife-hand.

Walking Stance

L-Stance

Wedging Block (Hechyo Makgi) This technique is used to block a twin fist vertical punch, twin

fore-knuckle fist punch or twin knife-hand inward strike while

preventing the neck, head or lapel from being grabbed.

It is performed with both the outer and inner forearm knife-hand

and reverse knife-hand. The distance between the blocking tools is

equal to one shoulder width of the defender.

Outre Forearm

This is mainly executed from a walking,

sitting or X-stances, though occasionally a

parallel, close or one-leg stance is used.

Keep the elbows bent about 35 degrees

outward at the moment of the block.

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT The blocking tool has passed

the point of focus, exposing

entire body.

The same principle is applic

able to the other blocking

tools,

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

Inner Forearm This is chiefly executed from a sitting

or X-stance, though occasionally a

walking rear foot or L-stance is used.

Be sure to keep the elbows bent

slightly inward at the moment of the

block

The inner forearm and reverse knife-

hand are performed mostly as a middle

block

Walking Stance L-Stance Rear Foot Stance

273

Knife-Hand

Both the purpose and method of blocking

are the same as those of an outer forearm.

Walking Stance

Parallel Stance

X-Stance

274

CORRECT

Blocking Attacking

INCORRECT The defender will be attacked

if he tries to pull the fists to the

hip while kicking.

Reverse Knife-Hand

The purpose and method of this technique

are the same as an inner forearm

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

275

Grasping Block (Butjaba Makgi) This is usually executed immediately after the hooking block,

and the main purpose is to put off balance or throw the opponent by

twisting and pulling the attacking hand or foot. Therefore, it is widely

used for throwing techniques.

It is chiefly performed with vertical and rear foot stances, and

occasionally a walking or L-stance.

Dodge to the side front or rear when grasping the opponent by

the shoulder to avoid the opponent's counterattack.

Blocking Grasping Tackling

Parallel Block (Narani Makgi) This technique is employed to block a simultaneous attack

directed toward the high section of the body and is performed mainly

with outer forearm, inner forearm, knife-hand and reverse knife-

hand, though back hand or back forearm is used in rare cases.

This is usually executed from a sitting, parallel or walking stance,

and occasionally a close, one-leg or X-stance. Keep the body full

facing the front at the moment of the block.

Outer Forearm It is used when blocking an attack from both sides. Keep the blocking tool facing front at the moment of the block. The knife-hand can be used in the same way. 1. The distance between the arms is

slightly wider than the shoulder

width.

2. The thumb forms a straight line with the

elbow.

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

Walking Stance »

X-Stance

Knife-Hand

The method and principle is the same

as those of an outer forearm.

One-Leg Stance

Sitting Stance

Parallel Stance

Inner Forearm This is used when blocking two attacks simultaneously from

each side front. Keep the back forearms facing the front with the

distance between the outer forearms one shoulder width at the

moment of the block

The reverse knife-hand can be used in the same way.

Parallel Stance

X-Stance

Walking Stance One-Leg Stance

280

Reverse Knife-Hand

Back Forearm

The purpose of this technique is the same

as that of the inner forearm or reverse knife-

hand

Keep the back forearm facing outward at

the moment of the block. Back hand can

also be used in the same way.

Sitting Stance

X-Stance

Diagonal Stance Walking Stance

One-Leg Stance

282

Back Hand

Walking Stance One-Leg Stance

X-Stance

Sitting Stance

283

Pushing Block (Miro Мака!) This technique is one of the most effective forms to put the

opponent off balance and is chiefly performed with the palm, though

occasionally a double forearm, knife-hand or reverse knife-hand is

used

Palm

This is mainly executed from a sitting stance

and X-stance, though occasionally a parallel,

close or walking stance is employed.

A reverse block is normal in the case of a

walking stance.

Be sure to execute the block against the

shoulder or bottom area.

Sitting Stance

INCORRECT

Block is not effective as it is executed

against the arm instead of the shoulder.

Double Forearm

This is used only for a low pushing block and is executed from

rear foot, L- and fixed stances.

Reverse Knife-Hand and Knife-Hand

The blocking tool reaches the target in a circular motion.

Refer to pages 291-297 of this volume.

286

Luring Block (Yuin Makgi) This technique is designed to put the opponent off balance or to

make the attack in vain by drawing the attacking tool beyond its

intended point of focus. It is performed with a palm or knife-hand.

This block requires a feint motion, and is mainly executed from

either an L-stance or rear foot stance, and occasionally a sitting or

other stances

Scooping Block (Duro Makgi) This is a rather effective block for putting the

opponent in an untenable position by holding

up the attacking foot.

It is chiefly performed with a plam, and

occasionally a reverse knife-hand.

The blocking tool should reach the target in

a large circular motion while bending the body

downward at the start of blocking.

This technique is normally performed in a

slow motion.

Ready to scoop

Palm The main purpose is to deliver a punch to

middle section and points above immediately

after scooping. It is usually executed from

either a sitting stance or L-stance

Scooping while standing up Throwing and Attacking

288

INCORRECT

The scooping motion has been

executed from a sitting stance

rather than in a standing po-

sition. Consequently, the ор-

ponent has not been thrown nor is

there a proper target for a punch,

Reverse Knife-Hand This is chiefly executed from a rear foot

stance, and the main purpose is to deliver

a kick rather than a punch

Guarding Block (Daebi Мака!) This block is frequently used as a ready posture in free sparring,

since one can position oneself т a half facing posture and protect the

body completely with both hands. It is performed with a forearm,

knife-hand or reverse knife-hand. Although the L-stance or rear foot

stance are most widely used, it can also be used with all other

stances

Rules for a guarding block: 1. Keep the blocking tool half facing the target at the moment of

blocking.

2. Bring the opposite knife-hand or side fist in front of the chest

3 centimeters from the body. The guarding hands should be

flexible enough to protect the whole body against an attack.

3. Keep the body half facing the target at all times.

Forearm The outer forearm is normally used, though

the inner forearm can be used too in some

instances. In no case can the forearm perform a

low guarding block.

(All forearm guarding blocks throughout this

Encyclopedia are considered outer forearm guar-

ding block unless special directions are given.)

Inner forearm block

Walking Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Inner forearm block

INCORRECT The opposite side fist faces downward

instead of towards the chest, thus the

blocking forearm has rea-

ched the target without revolving.

X-Stance

INCORRECT Speed is tremendously reduced because

the arms are fully extended and the fists

too tightly clenched.

292

INCORRECT The blocking forearm has passed the

point of focus because the body is full

facing inxtead of half facing.

Knife-Hand This is used primarily for middle and low blocks, or in some

instances against a high attack. The blocking tool reaches the target

in either a straight line or circular motion while blocking. The former

(straight line) is used to cause extreme pain to the opponent, and the

latter (circular motion) is more of a push.

И is considered that the blocking tool always reaches the target

in a straight line unless specified otherwise throughout this

Encyclopedia.

Blocking tool reaches the target

in a circular motion.

Blocking tool reaches the target

in a straight line.

293

Blocking tool reaches the Blocking tool reaches the target

target in a straight line. in a circular motion.

Knife-Hand Low Guarding Block 1. The knife-hands generally form a parallel

line.

2. The distance between the opposite knife-

hand and lower abdomen is about 3

centimeters.

3. The forearm becomes parallel to the

thigh

4. The elbow of the blocking arm is bent

about 15 degrees outward.

294

Reverse Knife-Hand

It is primarily employed for low blocks, though occasionally for

middle and high blocks. The blocking tool reaches the target in either

а straight line or circular motion when executing a low block.

This technique is mostly performed with rear foot and L-stances,

and occasionally a sitting or X-stance is used

Blocking tool reaches the target Blocking tool reaches the

in a cireular motion. target in a straight line.

296

1. The reverse knife-hand ge-

nerally forms a parallel line

with the opposite knife-

hand.

2. The distance between the

knife-hand and lower ab-

domen 15 about 3

centimeters.

3. The elbow of the blocking

arm is slightly bent inward

4.The forearm becomes

parallel to the thigh.

L-Stance

Sitting Stance

Blocking tool reaches the target Blocking tool reaches the target

in a circular motion. in a straight line.

Rear Foot Stance

297

INCORRECT The palm is full facing the attack-

ing tool, the wrist bent back-

wards, and the shoulder is tensed,

hindering an effective block.

INCORRECT The knife-hand fails to intercept the opponent’s foot because

the blocking hand is pushed forward rather than to the side

without bending the elbow.

№

INCORRECT па

The blocking tool passes the point \№:

of focus, creating an opening for }

the opponent.

INCORRECT The blocking hand is pushed forward

rather than to the side because the

opposite hand is pulled back, failing

to block.

298

INCORRECT The blocking hand is pushed upward

rather than to the side since the

opposite knife-hand is brought in

front of the epigastrium instead of

the chest.

INCORRECT

The block is weak since the center of

gravity is completly moved to rear

INCORRECT The shoulder and elbow are too tensed

because the elbow is bent inward instead of

outward.

INCORRECT

Speed is tremendously reduced, exposing the

armpit because the opposite arm is extended.

Note:

The same principle is ap

plicable to a reverse knife-

hand.

299

Twin Forearm Block (Sang Palmok Мака!) This technique can be used to block a simultaneous attack from

the front and the side.

The side block, however, is the primary defense. This block can

be performed with nearly all stances but walking stance. An L- or rear

foot stance is chiefly used.

The side blocking forearm usually performs a middle block. It

should be stressed that although a rising block may also be effective

against an attack toward the forehead, the side block is the primary

one. When blocking from a left L-stance, bring the right forearm

inside of the left forearm and vice versa.

L-Stance

Rear Foot Stance

Sitting Stan

Close Stance

X-Stance One-Leg Stance

Twin Knife-Hand Block (Sang Sonkal Мака!)

Both the method and purpose are the same as

those of a twin forearm block.

Rear Foot Stance Vertical Stance

INCORRECT 1. Armpit is exposed to the

opponent.

2. Blocking tools reach the targets

without revolving, thus lacking

the necessary force.

3. Blocks are not performed effect-

ively, that is, the right knife-hand

reaches the target in an upward

motion instead of a side motion

while the left knife-hand is in a

side motion instead of an upward

motion.

INCORRECT Armpit is being attacked.

The same thing applies to a

twin forearm block.

Double Arc-Hand Block (Doo

Bandalson Makgi)

This is a very useful technique to block a

co-ordinated attack against the chest and

the face. This is executed primarily from a

walking stance in the form of a reverse

block. The blocking tools should reach the

target in a straight line.

Keep the body half facing the target at the

moment of the block.

Side View

Front View

INCORRECT Not only are the vital spots exposed to the

opponent but the muscles of the hip and abdomen

are not utilized because the body has failed to be

half facing the target.

Circular Block (Dollimyo Makgi) This technique is to block a combination of hand and foot attack,

and is mostly performed with an inner forearm or reverse knife-hand,

though occasionally a knife-hand is used.

A walking stance is most suitable for this block.

1. The fist or fingertip should reach the same level as the

defender's shoulder. This shoulder should be slightly lower

than the opposite one at the moment of the block.

2. The blocking too! should reach the attacking foot in a large

circular motion to enable the blocking hand to scoop the foot.

3. Keep the body half facing the target at the moment of the

block.

INCORRECT Attacked by another opponent

because the defender has failed

to scoop the kicking leg of the

opponent

INCORRECT The block is performed against

a middle attack instead of a

low attack, and the heel is off

the ground.

INCORRECT

It is illogical for two oppo-

nents to attack in a line,

Nine (9)-Shape Block /Сийа Makgi) This technique is used to break the elbow joint, wrist or ankle. It

can also be employed to block a co-ordinated hand and foot attack

against the solar plexus and lower abdomen.

Both sitting and walking stances are chiefly used, although a

close, parallel or X-stance can also be used. If the right forearm is the

lower one, it is called a right 9-shape block and vice versa. A reverse

block with a walking stance is normal.

Sitting Stance

Walking Stance

X-Stance

How То Break

; The left arm must reach the target in a straight line while the

right one reaches in an arc and vice versa.

INCORRECT Breaking is not successful be

cause the lower arm reaches

the target in a straight line

instead of an are motion.

U-Shape Block (Mongdung-i Makgi) The sole purpose of this technique is to

block either a pole or bayonet with a reverse

knie-hand. This is performed mainly with fixed

and L-stances, though occasionally walking,

rear foot or X-stance is used.

Keep both hands in a vertical line at the

moment of the block.

The lower elbow should be flush with the

hip

INCORRECT The head is attacked since the upper hand has failed to

form a vertical line with the lower one. The same principle

applies to the U-shape grasp.

308

U-Shape Grasp (Mongdung-i Japgi) This is a variation of a U-shape block though

the principle of the block is the same as that of a

U-shape block. This technique is used to grasp

and twist the attacking weapon immediately

following the block

Both fixed and L-stances are mostly em

ployed though occasionally a rear foot stance is

used.

Remember to keep the palm of the top hand

facing upward at the moment of the block.

INCORRECT The lower elbow has failed to flush with the hip. This position is

not only ineffective for grasping but the vital spot is open to an

attack. The same thing is applicable to a U-shape block.

309

310

W-Shape Block (San Makgi) This technique has dual functions: one is used against either a

foot or hand attack to the philtrum and areas above, and the other is

to strengthen the leg muscies.

The outer forearm and knife-hand are the principal tools, though

occasionally a reverse knife-hand or inner forearm is used. Although

the sitting and walking stances are mostly used, parallel, close, one-

leg and X-stances are also employed. The sitting, parallel, close and

one-leg stances are used against the attack either from front or side,

whereas the walking and X-stances are only for the side.

Dip the elbows slightly below the shoulder at the moment of the

block

Outer Forearm It can be either full or half facing while blocking. The foot is

placed with a stamping motion when blocking a single attack

from the front, keeping the blocking arm full facing and straight

The foot is moved in a sliding motion to block two attacks from

both sides, keeping the blocking tool half facing and the elbows

bent 45 degrees.

The outer forearm is used in blocking the attack directed to

the point above the philtrum.

Stamping and sliding motion can be performed only with a

sitting stance.

Stamping

Parallel Stance

Close Stance

Walking Stance

X-Stance

One-Leg Stance

Sitting Stance

Knife-Hand The method of blocking and pur-

pose as well as the stance are exactly

the same as those of the outer

forearm

The knife-hand, however, is em-

ployed when blocking an attack dir

ected to the temple and areas above

312

Walking Stance X-Stance

INCORRECT W-shape block in a walking stance cannot block

the attack from the front. The same thing is

applicable to a one-leg or X-stance

313

Close distance

As shown above the kind of stance to be used

depends on the distance from the opponent.

314

The stamping motion is used to accentuate the hip motion and

facilitate power. Strengthening the leg muscles will aid the student in

maintaining a good stance. This motion is not used for the purpose of

Stamping the instep nor blocking the opponent's attack with the ball

of the foot.

INCORRECT

It is impossible to stamp on the instep, par

ticularly when the opponent is in the air.

INCORRECT

Combining a foot stamp and W-

shape block makes it difficult to

retain а natural position in a stance.

INCORRECT

The block becomes useless after a rising

kick since there is no target to block.

Reverse Knife-Hand This is employed in blocking both sides. The

method and stances to be used are the same as

those of the knife-hand, though the stamping

motion in excluded,

Keep the blocking tool half facing the op-

ponent and bend the elbows 45 degres at the

moment of the block.

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

х One-Log Stance

‘-Stance

Parallel Stance

Inner Forearm The method and stances to be used are the same as those of

a reverse knife-hand. It is normally used in blocking the attack to

the neck and the areas above

Sitting Stance Close Stance

INCORRECT The blocking tool faces the

rear instead of half facing

the side.

Walking Stance

INCORRECT

Though the elbows can form а Вог

zontal line with the shoulders at the

moment of the block, it is not гесот-

mended since it will tense the shoulder

muscles unnecessarily.

Horizontal Block (Soopyong Makgi) This technique is used to protect the chest area against a co-

ordinated attack. The twin palm is the primary tool, though a twin

knife-hand can be used in rare cases. It can be executed nearly from

every stance, though a walking, sitting and X-stances are mostly

used

Walking Stance

Sitting Stance

318

320

Dodging (Pihagi)

This has a number of advantages. One of the purposes of

dodging is to avoid colliding with an opponent who may have the

added advantage of momentum if he is attacking.

An effective dodge may cause the opponent to lose his balance

and leave himself open for a decisive counter attack. Dodging can be

executed towards all directions, though mainly to the rear. In all

cases, it is very important to retain a natural, yet flexible posture,

preferably with a guarding block. This technique is mostly performed

with the feet, though the hands provide some protection

С. GROUND HAND TECHNIQUES

(Noowo Son Gisool)

Any technique executed from lying down position is defined as

a ground technique, and is used at a close range. They are divided

into hand and foot techniques, the latter being described in volume

no. 4 of this Encyclopedia.

Unlike other hand techniques, the opposite fist is not pulled to

the hip throughout offensive and defensive motions. Rather, it is

pulled in the opposite direction depending on the technique

performed.

Ground Punch (Noowo Jirugi) The forefist and knuckle fist are used

as attacking tools. The punch must be

executed with both fists in the case of a

fore-knuckle fist and vertical punch.

Vertical Punch

Middle Knuckle Fist

Fore-Knuckle Fist

Ground Downward Strike (Noowo Маегуо Taerigi) The back fist, back hand, side fist and knife-hand are mainly

used, and occasionally the reverse knife-hand, under fist and arc-

hand are used

Back Fist

Back Hand

324

Knife-Hand

Side Fist

Under Fist

Reverse Knife-Hand Агс-Напа

325

Ground Inward Strike (Noowo Апиго Taerigi) This technique is mainly performed with the knife-hand

and reverse knife-hand, though occasionally under fist is

used, In all cases the attack must be executed with both

hands.

Knife-Hand

Reverse Knife-Hand

Under Fist

326

Ground Thrust (Noowo Tulg/)

Flat fingertip double finger forefinger

angle fingertip and thumb are the attacking

tools for this technique.

Flat Fingertip

Double Finger

Porefinger

Angle Fingertip

327

Thumb Like the ground inward strike, both

thumbs are required for attacking the

ribs or armpit.

Ground Cross-Cut (Noowo

Ghutgi)

The flat fingertip is the only tool Outwardly

for this technique. lt can be executed

both inwardly and outwardly

Inwardly

Holding (Bachigi) This technique is designed to protect the

solar plexus and points above. It is per-

formed only with the twin palm which has

the advantage of grabbing the attacking

foot or hand for twisting or breaking

Twisting

Grubbing

Grubbing Breaking

329

Checking (Momchugi) This technique is used to protect the face from a downward strike

or kick, and is performed with an X-fist, X-knife-hand, straight

forearm or straight knife-hand

X-Knife-Hand

Straight Knife-Hand

The method is the same

as a straight forearm. Twin Straight Forearm

The method is also the same as

a twin straight knife-hand.

330

Covering (Karioogi) Although this technique is considered as.a passive method of

defence, it can be certainly very effectual in gaining time for a counter

attack. This is performed with a twin back hand, horizontal double

arm, double back hand and X-hand

Twin Back Hand (Sang Sondung)

This is chiefly used to block the attack-

ing hand, and occasionally a foot directed toward the high section of the body.

Horizontal Forearm (Soopyong

Palmok)

This is employed to protect the scrotum and

the chest area from a downward or smashing

kick

Back Hands (Doo Sondung) The role of this technique is to pre-

vent the solar plexus from being

attacked.

X-Back Hand (Kyocha Sondung) This is to block the attacking hand or foot

directed against the epigastrium or lower

abdomen

332

АРРЕМО!Х

Puuching Technique

Attack Technique

Thrusting Technique

Angle Punch

Combination Punch

Consecutive Punch

Crescent Punch

Dodging Punch

Double Fist Punch

Double Punch

Downward Punch

Flying Punch

Front Punch Front Vertical Punch

Ground Punch

High Punch

Horizontal Punch

Knuckle Fist Punch

Long Fist Punch

Low Punch

Middle Punch

Obverse Punch

Reverse Punch

Side Punch

Side Vertical Punch

Triple Punch

Turning Punch

U-Shape Punch

Upset Punch

Upward Punch

Vertical Punch

Back Thrust

Combination Thrust

Consecutive Thrust

Dodging Thrust

Double Thrust

Downward Thrust

Flying Thrust

Front Thrust

Ground Thrust

High Thrust

Low Thrust Middle Thrust Side Back Thrust

Side Thrust

Triple Thrust

333

Striking Technique

Cross-Cut Technique

Combination Strike

Consecutive Strike

Crescent Strike

Dodging Strike

Double Strike

Downward Strike

Elbow Strike

Flying Strike

Front Downward Strike

Front Strike

Ground Strike

High Side Strike

High Strike

Horizontal Strike

Inward Strike

Mid-air Strike

Middle Strike

Obverse Strike

Outward Strike

Reverse Strike

Side Back Strike

Side Downward Strike

Side Front Strike

Side Strike

Triple Strike

Combination Cross-Cut

Consecutive Cross-Cut

Dodging Cross-Cut

Flying Cross-Cut

Front Cross-Cut

Ground Cross-Cut

Inward Cross-Cut

Obverse Cross-Cut

Outward Cross-Cut

Reverse Cross-Cut

Side Cross-Cut

Defense Technique

Blocking Technique

Dodging Technique [

Checking Block

Circular Block

Combination Block

Consequtive Block

Covering Block

Downward Block

Flowing Block

Flying Block

Front Block Front Checking Block

Front Rising Block

Grasping Block

Ground Block

Guarding Block

High Block

Holding Block

Hooking Block

Horizontal Block

Inside Block

Inward Block

Low Block Luring Block

Middle Block

Nine-Shape Block

Obverse Block

Outward Block

Parallel Block

Pressing Block

Pushing Block

Reverse Block

Rising Block

Scooping Block

Side Block

Side Checking Block

Side Front Block

U-Shape Block

U-Shape Grasp

Upward Block

Waist Block

W-Shape Block

See volume No. 4

“Foot Technique”

335

INDEX

angle punch (giokja jirigi) 65

attack techniques (gong gyokgi) 17-183,

323-327, 333, 334

back elbow 104, 105

blocking (makgi) 185-319

one block (momchau makgi) 233-

237

straight forearm 235 straight knife-hand 237 twin straight forearm 236 twin straight knife-hand 237 x-fist 233 x-knife-hand 234

circular block (dollimyo makgi) 304, 305

a attack (honap gong gyok)

consecutive attack (yonsok gong gyok)

158

co-ordination of fist and hip 80-82

co-ordination of hip and fingertip 112-

114

co-ordination of knife-hand and hip 144,

145

courtesy (ye ui)10,11

crescent punch (bandal jirugi) 60-62

crescent strike (bandal taerigi) 151, 152

arc-hand 151, 161 finger pincers 152

cross-cut (ghutgi) 108-111

inward cross-cut 109, 110 outward cross-cut 108 side cross-cut 111

defence techniques (bang eau gi) 185-

321

dodging (pihagi) 320, 321

dodging attack (pihamyo gong gyok)

182, 183

dodging punch 182, 183

dodging strike 183

dodging thrust 183

double arc-hand block (doo bandalson

makg!) 303

double attack (i-jung gong gyok) 158

double punch 158

double strike 158

double thrust 158

double fist punch (doo joomuk jirigi) 78,

double forearm block (doo palmok

makgi) 224-227

downward block (naeryo makgi) 255-

262

forearm 258 knife-hand 259 palm 255, 256 straight elbow 260 twin palm 257 x-fist 261 x-knife-hand 262

downward punch (naeryo jirugi) 59

— strike (naeryo taerigi)130-

133

downward thrust (naeryo tulgi) 95-93

flat fingertip 95 straight elbow 96, 97

flying combination attack (twimyo honap

gong gyok) 180, 181

flying combination punch 1 80

flying combination strike 181

flying combination thrust 181

flying consequtive attack

yonsok gong gyok) 177-179

flying consecutive punch 177

flying consecutive strike 178

flying consecutive thrust 179

flying double attack (twimyo ijung gong

gyok) 165-171

flying double punch (twimyo ijung jirugi)

165-167

flying horizontal double front punch

166-167

flying vertical double front punch 167

flying vertical double side punch

165

flying double strike (twimyo ijung taerigi)

170, 171

flying horizontal double strike 170

flying vertical double strike 170, 171

flying double thrust (twimyo ijung tulgi)

168, 169

flying horizontal double side thrust

168

a vertical double side thrust

(twimyo

flying flat fingertip cross-cut (twimyo

opun sonkut ghutgi) 164

flying frontstrike (twimyo ap taerigi)

162

flying hand techniques (twimyo son

gisool) 161-182

flying punch (twimyo jirugi) 161, 165-

167, 172, 175, 177, 180, 182, 183

flying strike (twimyo taerigi) 162-164,

170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 181, 183

flying thrust (twimyo tulgi) 162, 166,

167, 174, 179, 181, 183

flying triple attack (twimyo samjung

gong gyok) 172-176

flying triple punch (twimyo samjung

jirugi) 172, 173

flying triple strike (twimyo samjung

taerigi) 175, 176

flying triple thrust (twimyo samjung

tulgi) 174

front block (ap makgi) 214-219

front downward strike (ap naeryo taerigi)

133

front elbow strike (ap palkup taerigi) 118,

119

front strike (ap taerigi) 146, 150

back fist 146, 147 knife-hand 148, 149 reverse knife-hand 150

grasping block (butjaba makgi) 276, 277

ground hand techniques (noowo son

gisool) 323-332

checking 330

covering 331, 332

ground downward strike 324, 325

ground cross-cut 328

ground inward strike 326

ground punch 323

ground thrust 327, 328

guarding block (daebi makgi) 290-299

forearm 290-292

knife-hand 293-295

reverse knife-hand 296-299

high attack (nopunde gong gyok) 20, 21,

120, 121

high punch 20 high strike 20, 21, 120, 121 high elbow strike 120, 121

high block (nopunde makgi) 186, 187

hooking block (golcho makgi) 268-271

back hand 271 forearm 271 knife-hand 271 palm 268-270

horizontal block (soopyong makgi) 318,

319

horizontal punch (soopyong jirugi) 74,

horizontal strike (soopyong taerigi) 140-

143

back fist 142 back hand 143 twin back fist 142 twin back hand 143 twin knife-hand 140 twin side-fist 141

horizontal thrust (soopyong tulgi) 102,

103

single elbow 103 twin elbow 102, 103

indomitable spirit (baekjul bool-gool) 10,

11,14

inside block (anmakgi) 239

integrity (yom chi)1011, 13

inward block (anuro makgi) 192, 193,

203-210

knife-hand 204-207

palm 203

reverse knife-hand 208-210

inward strike (anuro taerigi) 122-129

bear hand 128

finger pincers 129

knife-hand 122-124

palm 129

twin knife-hand 125, 126

twin reverse knife-hand 127

under fist 128

knuckle fist punch (songarak joomuk

jirugi) 66-73

fore-knuckle fist 66, 67 middle knuckle fist 69, 70 thumb knuckle fist 73 twin fore-knuckle fist 66 twin middle knuckle fist 71, 72

long fist punch (ghin joomuk jirugi) 76

low attack (najunde gong gyok) 24, 25

low punch 24, 25

low block (najunde makgi) 190, 191,

196-213

forearm 190, 191, 196-202

knife-hand 190, 191, 204-206 211-

213

palm 203

reverse knife-hand 206-210

L-stance obverse punch (niunja so baro

jirugi) 34, 35

L-stance reverse punch (niunja so ban-

dae jirugi) 36, 37

luring block (yuin makgi) 287

mid-air attack (twio dollmyo taerigi) 163

middle attack (kaunde gong gyok) 22, 23

middle punch 22, 23

middle thrust 22

middle block (kaunde makgi) 188, 189

nine (9)-shape block (gutja makgi) 306,

307

open fist punch (руоп joomuk jirugi) 77

outside block (bakat makgi) 238

outward block (bakuro makgi) 194-202,

211-213

knife-hand 211

outward strike (bakuro taerigi) 134

overhead punch (twio nomo jirugi) 182

parallel block (пагап! така!) 278-283

back forearm 282

back hand 283

inner forearm 280

outer forearm 278, 277

forearm 196

knife-hand 211-213

perseverance (т nae)10,11, 13

pressing block (noollo makgi) 263-267

forefist 264

palm 263

twin palm 265

x-fist 266, 267

punching techniques (jirugi) 29-82, 161,

165-167, 172, 173, 177, 180, 182, 183

obverse punch 29, 31-33, 36

reverse punch 32, 33, 36-38

pushing block (miro makgi) 285, 286

double forearm 286

knife-hand 286

palm 285, 286

reverse knife-hand 286

rear foot stance obverse punch (dwitbal

so baro jirugi) 38

rear foot stance reverse punch (dwitbal so

bandae jirugi) 38

rising block (chookyo makgi) 240-250

arc-hand 249

forearm 240-243

knife-hand 244-246

twin palm 250

x-fist 247, 248

x-knife-hand 248

scooping block (duro makgi) 288, 289

palm 288, 289

reverse knife-hand 289

self-control (guk gi)1011, 14

side back elbow (yopdwi palkup) 106

side back strike (yopdwi taerigi) 153

side block (yop makgi) 220-222

side downward strike (yop naeryo taeri-

gi) 130-132

side front block (yobap makgi) 223

side front strike (yobap taerigi) 154, 155

back fist 154

back hand 155

reverse knife-hand 155

side punch (yop jirugi) 47-49

side strike (yop taerigi) 134-139

back fist 137, 138

back hand 139

knife-hand 134, 135

side fist 136

twin back fist 138

twin back hand 139

side thrust (yop tulgi) 98-101

flat fingertip 99

forefinger 98

single side elbow 100, 101

twin side elbow101

striking techniques (taerigi) 115-157,

162-162, 170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 181,

183

tenets of Taekwon-Do (Taekwon-Do

jungshin) 10-13

thrusting techniques (tulgi) 83-107, 164,

168, 169, 174, 179, 181, 183

angle fingertip 92, 94

back elbow 104, 105

double finger 85, 98

fingertip 83-94

flat fingertip 86, 87, 95, 99

forefinger 83, 84, 98

side elbow 100,101

single elbow 103

straight elbow 96, 97

straight fingertip 90, 91

thumb 94

twin elbow 102

twin side back elbow 106, 107

upset fingertip 88, 89

triple attack (samjung gong gyok) 15 ,

172-176

turning punch (dollyo jirugi) 62-64

twin fist 62

twin fist (sang joomuk) 44-46

twin forearm block (sang palmok makgi)

300, 301

twin knife-hand block (sang sonkal mak-

gi) 301, 302

upper back elbow strike (widwi palkup

taerigi) 116, 117

upper elbow strike (wi palkup taerigi)

115

upset punch (dwijibo jirugi) 54-57

single fist 54-50

twin fist 57

upward block (ollyo makgi) 251-254

bow wrist 253, 254

palm 251

reverse knife-hand 252

thumb ridge 253

340

upward punch (ollyo jirugi) 52, 53

u-shape block (mongdung-i makgi) 308

u-shape grasp (mongdung-i japgi) 309

u-shape punch (mongdung-i jirugi) 58

vertical punch (sewo jirugi) 42-46

single fist 42, 43

twin fist 44, 46

vertical stance punch (soojik so jirugi) 39

waist block (hori makgi) 228-230

inner forearm 229, 230

outer forearm 228

palm 230

wedging block (hecho makgi) 272-275

inner forearm 273

knife-hand 274

outer forearm 272, 273

reverse knife-hand 275

w-shape block (san makgi) 310-317

inner forearm 317

knife-hand 312-315

outer forearm 310, 311, 315

reverse knife-hand 316

x X-stance punch (kyocha so jirugi) 40, 41

SYNOPSIS

The Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do consists of 15 volumes. The contents

of each volume is listed below:

VOLUME I:

VOLUME II:

VOLUME Ш:

VOLUME IV:

VOLUME V:

VOLUME VI:

VOLUME VII:

1) Origin and Development of Martial Arts

2) History of Taekwon-Do

3) Moral Culture

4) Philosophy

5) Training Schedule

6) Cycle and Composition of Taekwon-Do

7) Demonstration

A) Model Sparring

B) Pre-arranged Free Sparring

C) Sample of Self-defence Techniques

8) About the Author

9) Group photos

1) Theory of Power

2) Attacking and Blocking Tools

3) Vital Sports

4) Training

A) Training Hall

B) Conduct in Do Jang

C) Training Equipment

D) Practice Suits

5) Stances

6) Training Aids

Hand Techniques

Foot Techniques

Sparring

Fundamental Exercises (A)

Fundamental Exercises (B)

341

342

VOLUME VIII:

VOLUME Ix:

VOLUME x:

VOLUME XI:

VOLUME ХИ:

VOLUME ХИ;

VOLUME ХММ:

VOLUME XV:

Four-Direction Punch

Four- Direction Block

Pattern Chon-Ji

Pattern Dan-Gun

Pattern Do-San

Pattern Won-Hyo

Pattern Yul-Guk

Pattern Joong-Gun

Pattern Toi-Gae

Four-Direction Thrust

Pattern Hwa-Rang

Pattern Choong-Moo

Pattern Gwang-Gae

Pattern Po-Eun

Pattern Ge-Baek

1)Pattern Eui-Am

Pattern Choong-Jang

Pattern Juche

Pattern Sam-ll

Pattern Yoo-Sin

Pattern Choi-Yong

Pattern Yon-Gae

Pattern Ul-Ji

Pattern Moon-Moo

Pattern So-San

Pattern Se-Jong

Pattern Tong-ll