vol02.pdf

ENCYCLOPEDIA

TAEKWON-DO

GEN. CHOI HONG HI

VOLUME II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Mokcha)

TENETS OF TAEKWON-DO (TAEKWON-DO

JUNGSRIN) sx sasmmancommxpssvane WA Bis WE але 5 8

EXPLANATION OF TENETS ............ 10

THEORY OF POWER (Him Ui Wolli) ...... 14

ATTACKING AND BLOCKING TOOLS

(Kyong Gyok mit Мака! Boowi) ......... 49

Hand Parts (Sang Bansin).......... 53

Foot Parts (Ha Bansin) ............ 76

Miscellaneous Parts (Gita Boowi) .... 82

VITAL SPOTS (KUpSO)) 5. as ca ка oa резине 88

Sections of the Body (Wom Dungboon) 90

Checklist (Daejo Pyo) ............. 97

RELATION OF ATTACKING TOOLS AND

VITAL:SPOTS) esses es curse os oe sewers 100

STANCE: Зоб wa am wa ae sa samara 135

TRAINING (Sooryon) +... cece ieee 169

TRAINING EQUIPMENT (Sooryon Jangbi) .174

Practice: Suit, (D6: Bok)! exscccwwn% x 176

Training Aids (Da/lyon Goo) ........ 186

Improvised Training Aids ........... 284

CALISTHENICS (Dosoo Dallyon) ........ 285

SYNOPSIS cs sa ws ws eriewnaMieues а Бо 294

INDEX is cc om oe we om cones Bo OGG OH 296

СЕМ. СНО! НОМС Н!

President

International Taekwon-Do Federation

THE ТЕМЕТ$ OF TAEKWON-DO

(Taekwon-Do Jungshin)

TAEKWON-DO AIMS TO ACHIEVE

Courtesy (Ye Ui) Integrity (Yom Chi) Perseverance (/n Nae) Self-Control (Guk Gi) Indomitable Spirit (Baekju/ Boo/lgoo!)

EXPLANATION OF TENETS

Needless to say, the success or failure of Taekwon-Do training depends

largely on how one observes and implements the tenets of Taekwon-Do which

should serve as a guide for all serious students of the art.

COURTESY (Ye Ui) Taekwon-Do students should attempt to practise the following elements

of courtesy to build up their noble character and to conduct the training in an

orderly manner as well.

1) To promote the spirit of mutual concessions 2) To be ashamed of one’s vices, contempting those of others 3) To be polite to one another 4) To encourage the sense of justice and humanity 5) To distinguish instructor from student, senior from junior, and elder

from younger

6) To behave oneself according to etiquette 7) To respect others’ possesions 8) To handle matters with fairness and sincerity 9) To refrain from giving or accepting any gift when in doubt

INTEGRITY (Yom Chi)

In Taekwon-Do, the word integrity assumes a looser definition than the

one usually presented in Webster's dictionary. One must be able to define right

and wrong, and have the conscience, if wrong, to feel guilt. Listed are some

examples, where integrity is lacking:

1. The instructor who misrepresents himself and his art by presenting

improper techniques to his students because of a lack of knowledge or

apathy.

2. The student who misrepresents himself by “fixing” breaking materials

before demonstrations.

3. The instructor who camouflages bad techniques with luxurious

training halls and false flattery to his students.

4. The student who requests rank from an instructor, or attempts to purchase it 5. The student who gains rank for ego purposes or the feeling of power. 6. The instructor that teaches and promotes his art for materialistic gains. 7. The student whose actions do not live up the words. 8. The student who feels ashamed to seek opinions from his juniors.

PERSEVERANCE (/n Nae)

There is an old Oriental saying, ‘Patience leads to virtue ог merit’ “One

can make a peaceful home by being patient for 100 times.” Certainly,

happiness and prosperity are most likely brought to the patient person. To

achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection of a

technique, one must set his goal, then constantly persevere. Robert Bruce

learned his lesson of perseverance from the persistant efforts of a lowly spider.

It was this perseverence and tenacity that finally enabled him to free Scotland

in the fourteenth century. One of the most important secrets in becoming а

leader of Taekwon-Do is to overcome every difficulty by perseverance.

Confucious said; “one who is impatient in trivial matters can seldom

achieve success in matters of great importance.”

SELF-CONTROL (Guk Gi)

This tenet is extremely important inside and

outside the do jang, whether conducting oneself in

free sparring or in one’s personal affairs. A loss of self-

control in free sparring can prove disasterous to both

student and opponent. An inability to live and work

within one’s capability or sphere is also a lack of self-

control.

According to Lao-Tzu “the term of stronger is the

person who wins over oneself rather than someone

else.”

INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (8aekju/ Boolgool)

“Here lie 300, who did their duty,” a simple

epitaph for one of the greatest acts of courage known

to mankind.

Although facing the superior forces of Xerxes,

Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at Thermopylae

showed the world the meaning of indomitable spirit. It

is shown when a courageous person and his prin-

ciples are pitted against overwhelming odds.

Aserious student of Taekwon-Do will at all times

be modest and honest. If confronted with injustice, he

will deal with the belligerent without any fear or

hesitation at all, with indomitable spirit, regardless of

whosoever and however many the number may be.

Confucius declared, “‘it is ап act of cowardice to

fail to speak out against injustice.”

As history has proven those who have pursued

their dreams earnestly and strenuously with indomit-

able spirit have never failed to achieved their goals.

“Pursue one’s own goal”

THEORY OF POWER

(Him Ui Wolli)

The beginning student may ask;

“Where does one obtain the power to

create the devastating results attri-

buted to Taekwon-Do?” This power is

attributed to the utilization of a

person’s full potential through the mat-

hematical application of Taekwon-Do

techniques. The average person uses

only 10 to 20 percent of his potential.

Anyone, regardless of size, age, or sex

who can condition himself to use 100

percent of his potential can also per-

form the same destructive techniques.

Though training will certainly result

in a superb level of physical fitness, it

will not necessarily result in the ac-

quisition of extraordinary stamina or

superhuman strength. More important,

Taekwon-Do training will result in ob-

taining a high level of reaction force,

concentration, equilibrium, breath

control and speed; these are the factors

that will result in a high degree of

physical power.

зай

“Powerful enough to

uproot mountains”

REACTION FORCE (Вапдопд Ryok)

According to Newton’s Law, every force has an equal and opposite force

When an automobile crashes into a wall with the force of 2,000 pounds, the

wall will return a force of 2,000 pounds; or forcing the end of seasaw down

with a ton of weight will provide an upward force of the same weight; if your

opponent is rushing towards you at a high speed, by the slightest blow at his

head, the force with which you strike his head would be that of his own

onslaught plus that of your blow.

The two forces combined; his, which is large, and yours, which is small

are quite impressive. This, then, is the reaction force from the opponent.

Another reaction force is your own. A punch with the right fist is aided by

pulling back the left fist to the hip.

}

CORRECT

The maximum power is produced because the

principle of reaction force is well observed, that

is, the opposite fist is pulled to the hip at the

moment of impact

INCORRECT

Less power is produced because the principle of reaction force is ignored,

that is, the left fist is not pulled to the hip.

CORRECT

INCORRECT

The right fist fails to be pulled to the hip.

CORRECT

The right fist is pulled to the hip at the moment of the block.

INCORRECT

The right fist is not pulled to the hip at the moment of the block.

CORRECT The defender applies the principle of reaction force correctly by using the

attacker's momentum and a minimum of his own power to throw his

opponent off balance.

CORRECT

The punch is well executed for the

same reason mentioned above.

CONCENTRATION (Jip Joong)

By applying the impact force onto the smallest target area, it will

concentrate the force and therefore, increase its effect. For example, the force

of water coming out of a water hose is greater if the orifice is smaller.

Conversely, the weight of a man spread out on snow shoes makes hardly any

impression on the snow. The blows in Taekwon-Do are often concentrated

onto the edge of the open palm or to the crook of the fingers.

It is very important that you should not unleash all your strength at the

beginning but gradually, and particularly at the point of contact with your

opponent's body, the force must be so concentrated as to give a knock-out

blow. That is to say, the shorter the time for the concentration, the greater will

be the power of the blow. The utmost concentration is required in order to

mobilize every muscle of the body onto the smallest target area simultaneously.

In conclusion, concentration is done in two ways: One is to concentrate

every muscle of the body, particularly the bigger muscles around the hip and

abdomen (which theoretically are slower than the smaller muscles of other

parts of the body) towards the appropriate tool to be used at the proper time;

the second way is to concentrate such mobilized muscles onto the opponent's

vital spot. This is the reason why the hip and abdomien are jerked slightly before

the hands and feet in any action, whether it be attack or defence.

Large outlet

Small outlet

CORRECT

Muscles are fully mobilized and well concentrated

to the appropriate part of the forefist.

INCORRECT

The muscles of the hip and the abdomen are neither

fully mobilized nor properly concentrated

CORRECT

Muscles are fully mobilized because the hip

rotates in the same direction as the hands.

INCORRECT Museles are not fully mobilized due to

the failure to rotate the hip in the same

direction as the hands.

CORRECT Muscles are concentrated to the approp-

riate part of the foot - in this case to the

footsword.

INCORRECT Muscles are not dully concentrated to the

appropriate part of the foot - in this ease to

the toe edge rather than the footsword

EQUILIBRIUM (Kyun Hyung)

Balance is of utmost importance in any type of athletics. In Taekwon-

Do, it deserves special consideration. By keeping the body always in

equilibrium, that is, well balanced, a blow is more effective and deadly.

Conversely, the unbalanced one is easily toppled. The stance should

always be stable yet flexible, for both offensive and defensive movements.

Equilibrium is classified into both dynamic and static stability. They

are so Closely inter-related that the maximum force can only be produced

when the static stability is maintained through dynamic stability.

To maintain good equilibrium, the center of gravity of the stance must

fall on a straight line midway between both legs when the body weight is

distributed equally on both legs, or in the center of the foot if itis necessary

to concentrate the bulk of body weight on one foot. The center of gravity

can be adjusted according to body weight. Flexibility and knee spring are

also important in maintaining balance for both a quick attack and instant

recovery. One additional point; the heel of the rear foot should never be off

the ground at the point of impact. This is not only necessary for good

balance but also to produce maximum power at the point of impact.

INCORRECT

CORRECT

Dynamic Stability (Dongtchuk Anjong)

Moving Forward

Center of gravity

Centre of gravity

INCORRECT

Balance is not main-

tained because the bulk

of the body weight still

remains at the centre of

gravity instead of the

left foot.

The same principle is applie-

able for moving backward.

Moving Sideways

CORRECT

Center of gravity

Stance is too narrow

INCORRECT

The bulk of the body weight fails to

be concentrated on the left foot.

Stance is too wide.

Static Stability (УипйсйиЕ Anjong)

CORRECT INCORRECT

Right heel is off the ground.

CORRECT

INCORRECT

Right knee is bent too much,

INCORRECT

Right knee is pointed outward

instead of inward.

CORRECT

INCORRECT

Heel of the stationary foot is off the

ground.

CORRECT

INCORRECT

The body is leaned forward.

INCORRECT

The body is leaned too far

backward

CORRECT

BREATH CONTROL (Hohup Jojul)

Controlled breathing not only affects one’s stamina and speed but

can also condition a body to receive a blow and augment the power of a

blow directed against an opponent. Through practice, breath stopped in

the state of exhaling at the critical moment when a blow is landed against

a pressure point on the body can prevent a loss of consciousness and stifle

pain. A sharp exhaling of breath at the moment of impact and stopping the

breath during the execution of a movement tense the abdomen to

concentrate maximum effort on the delivery of the motion, while a slow

inhaling helps the preparation of the next movement. An important rule to

remember: Never inhale while focusing a block or blow against an

opponent. Not only will this impede movement but it will also result in a

loss of power.

Students should also practice disguised breathing to conceal any

outward signs of fatigue. An experienced fighter will certainly press an

attack when he realizes his opponent is on the point of exhaustion.

One breath is required for one movement with the exception of a

continuous motion.

CORRECT

INCORRECT Fist has been stopped

before reaching the

target because of inha-

ling at the moment of

impact.

MASS (Zilyang)

Mathematically, the maximum kinetic energy or force is obtained

from maximum body weight and speed and it is all important that the body

weight be increased during the execution of a blow. No doubt the

maximum body weight is applied with the motion by turning the hip. The

large abdominal muscles are twisted to provide additional body momen-

tum. Thus the hip rotates in the same direction as that of the attacking or

blocking tool as in figure F. Another way of increasing body weight is the

utilization of a springing action of the knee joint. This is achieved by

slightly raising the hip at the beginning of the motion and lowering the hip

at the moment of impact to drop the body weight into the motion as in

figure С,

In summarizing, it is necessary to point out that the principles of force

outlined here hold just as true today in our modern scientific and nuclear

age as they did centuries ago.

| am sure that when you go through this art, both in theory and in

practice, you will find that the scientific basis of the motions and the real

power which comes out a small human body cannot fail to impress you

Fig. F Fig.

CORRECT

The hip raised.

The hip is lowered.

INCORRECT The hip was kept at the

same level throughout

the movement, thus fai-

ling to inerease the body

weight.

As а result maximum

power is produced.

The result is less power.

CORRECT

The hip rotates in the same direction as that of

the attacking tool —in this case the left hand.

INCORRET

The body weight is not increased properly because the foot

is moved in a saw tooth wave instead of a sine wave.

SPEED (Sokdo)

Speed is the most essential factor of force or power. Scientifically,

force equals mass X acceleration (Е=МА) or (P=MV?).

In figure A, a large stone has been gently dropped on a double pane of

glass from a height of three inches. On the other hand, in figure B, a small

stone has been thrown against the glass with great speed. In figure C, the

flat of the hand passed in a slow motion through the flame of the candle

with no result to the flame. The candle, however, was put out with a

controlled punch or kick stopping within an inch of the flame as shown in

figures D and E.

According to the theory of kinetic energy, every object increases its

weight as well as speed in a downward movement. This very principle is

applied to this particular art of self-defence, as proved in pages 29 and 30.

For this reason, at the moment of impact, the position of the hand normally

becomes lower than the shoulder and the foot lower than the hip while the

body is in the air.

Reaction force, breath control, equilibrium, concentration and relax-

ation of the muscles cannot be ignored. However, these are the factors

that contribute to the speed and all these factors, together with flexible

and rhythmic movements, must be well coordinated to produce the

maximum power in Taekwon-Do.

Fig.B

TAEKWONDO

Fig. D

Fig. E

INCORRECT

Less power is produced

CORRECT

because the point of

focus is higher than the

shoulder.

CORRECT

INCORRECT

Less power is produced as the hip is

lower than the point of focus.

SPEED AND REFLEX (Sokdo wa Banung)

It is essential for the students of Taekwon-Do to understand the

relation of the speed and the execution time of techniques in order to

apply them effectively.

Achieving precise measurements of these factors has been very

difficult due to the great speed at which Taekwon-Do techniques are

performed. However, in April of 1973, | conducted an experiment to

measure the precise speed and execution time of various techniques.

The approach used was multi-flash Strobo photography. Two EG&G

control units—model 553-11 (serial No. 248 and No. 256), and two

flashes in reflectors were used to record movements on film. This

experiment was conducted at the М.1.Т. Strobo lab with special permis-

sion from Professors Edgerton and Miller.

Results of the experiment are presented below:

Side Piercing Kick

In this photograph, we can see three images of the right

foot once it is lifted off the floor. Three images produce two

intervals, The Strobe was set at 20 flashes per second, which

means one interval is equal to 1/20 (0,05) of a second.

We can see from the photograph that it taks two intervals

to complete this kick, which means that it takes 1/10 (0,1) of

a sceond to execute.

Hooking Kick

In this photograph the right foot passes by my face after 3 '/2

intervals. The flash frequency was 30 per second, so it takes 0,117

seconds or just a little more than 1/10 of a second to execute this

kick.

One remarkable fact is that the execution times of the above kicks are

shorter than the normal reflex time, which means that it is impossible for

anyone to block these kicks unless he can detect them before the leg is

lifted off the floor; i.e., know what kick is coming before it is executed.

Normal reflex time is the elapsed time of reflex action. Reflex action

consists of behavior in which the reactions usually occur as direct and

immediate responses to particular stimuli. Here we are dealing with

conditioned reflexes, which can be defined as built-up adjustments to

particular external stimuli; i.e., seeing a punch or kick coming and

responding by blocking or moving out of the path. Normal reflex time has

been experimentally determined to be around 2/10 of a second, at the

quickest.

Flying Front Kiek

In this photograph, one interval is equal to 1/10 (0,1) ofa

second, Execution of a flying front kick takes one interval

which means that this kick takes 1/10 (0,1) of a second to be

completed.

This picture illustrates a defence

against a sword attack.

Front Punch

The speed of a punch was also tested. Here we see one interval

30 flashes per second, Therefore, it takes 0,03 or 3/100 of a

second for the punch to be completed.

All these techniques cannot Бе blocked if we wait until an opponent

begins to execute them, since the execution times of these techniques are

shorter than the time it takes for our reflexes to respond. Therefore, we

must be able to detect the on-coming of these techniques before-hand.

This is the reason why one must gaze at the opponent's eyes at all times

and not at the legs or arms.

At this point, it would be advantageous to introduce a formula which

will enable the student to further understand the significance of speed in

the execution of Taekwon-Do techniques.

The formula we can use to calculate the power of any technique is:

P=1/2 MV?

P stands for power.

1/2 is a constant.

M stands for mass.

V stands for velocity or speed.

This equation clearly reveals why developing speed is the most

important factor in developing power.

For example, if the mass is increased by a factor of three (with the

speed kept constant) then the power is also increased by a factor of three.

But if the speed is increased by a factor of three (with mass kept constant)

then the power is increased by a factor of nine.

Hence, with this formula we can measure the power of each

technique:

Power = (1/2) x (mass) x (velocity)

= (1/2) x (mass) x (velocity) x (velocity)

And speed (velocity) can be expressed as

V = (distance of last interval) x (1/execution time of last interval)

This experiment has been a simple demonstration of how fast and

powerful Taekwon-Do techniques can be practiced properly as taught.

This experiment is contributed by Jae Hun Kim, 3rd degree black belt

holder.

ATTACKING AND BLOCKING

TOOLS (Gong Gyok mit Makgi

Boowi)

As the claws of a tiger or the wings of a bird constitute weapons in

their own ways, so do the hands and feet of man form natural weapons

One of the important features of Taekwon-Do training turns the hands

and feet into tough effective weapons capable of withstanding the

harshest test without being damaged or dulled

Even the best wood cutter must give up tree cutting if his axe or saw is

broken. In war time, even the sharpshooter becomes helpless and perhaps

gets killed if his gun does not fire because of long neglect of cleaning

By the same token even the master of Taekwon-Do who is well

versed in the technique may succumb to an attacker if he or she breaks а

hand or foot during combat because they were weak from lack of

toughening or training manoeuvres. In addition to publicizing Taekwon-

Do during normal dealings with others, the students are encouraged to

actively participate in the demonstration programs in which the breaking

of tiles and pine boards can serve as a testimony to the public of the power

of Taekwon-Do.

In this manner, the students of Taekwon-Do can maintain the

disipline of exercise to keep the hands and feet hardened and in constant

readiness

No matter how skilful one’s techniques are, if the techniques lack

force, one is unable to impart any pain or shock to the opponent during the

actual combat.

The part or surface through which the shock or power is transmitted

to the opponent's body is called the attacking tool and any part or surface

which intercepts or repulses the attack is called the blocking tool.

Theoretically, all locations of the concentration of strength are

considered as attacking tools, most of which serve also as blocking tools.

The nineteen parts or positions where the strength can be easily

concentrated and toughened or developed are the most frequently used

tools in Taekwon-Do.

They are divided into hand parts, foot parts and miscellaneous parts. Remember that unlike other tools, they cannot be obtained easily but

can only be gained through ceaseless training under the anvil of firm

individual resolution.

“RR SS ARR

ATTACKING TOOLS (Gong gyok boowi)

BLOCKING TOOLS ( Makgi Boowi)

ЖИ

“Self confidence through intuitive awareness.”

ем

А. HAND PARTS (Sang Bansin)

The hand creates so many types of tools that special

care should be paid to the selection of the appropriate tool

for the appropriate target

Forefist (Ap Joomuk)

The forefist is generally used for attacking the philt-

rum, ribs, solar plexus, chest, abdomen, jaw, etc.

The main knuckles of the forefinger and middle finger

are the punching parts. The top and the front of the fist

should form a right angle so the punching parts can be

closely contacted with the target.

The wrist should not be bent when the fist is clenched.

The forefist is occasionally used for a pressing block.

The lines show the center of power.

How to make a clenched fist (/winun Bop)

If the fist is not made firmly and correctly and if there is even the

minutest of air space, the fist will be as weak as untempered steel and as

soft as cotton. The fist must be tightly clenched at the moment of impact.

% 1. Open the hand naturally.

2. Roll the fingers tightly.

3. Press the fingers into the palm, starting with

the little finger at the same time bending the

thumb toward the inside

4. Place the thumb on the forefinger and the

middle finger pressing the forefinger properly

Two incorrect methods of clenching a fist

1, The thumb is firmly placed on the middle

finger. This method will weaken the side fist

and place unnecessary strain on the shoulder

and arm.

2. The thumb is placed on the extended fore-

finger. This method will weaken the fore-

finger joint and is somewhat unnatural, al-

lowing air space within the fist.

The back of the hand normally faces upward at

the moment of impact but occasionally it faces

downward or outward.

The reasons for not bending the wrist are: 1. To prevent the wrist from being blocked or grabbed by the opponent. 2. To align the punching parts of the fist exactly on the target. 3. To concentrate maximum force on the punching parts. For maximum power the front two knuckles must contact flush

against the point of impact. Mathematically, power generated from the

hip must flow in a smooth unbroken line through the forearm and out

through the apex of the front two knuckles.

INCORRECT

No punching part has contacted with

the target

INCORRECT Only a part of the main knuckle of

the middle finger has contacted with

the target.

INCORRECT Only a part of the main knuckle of

the forefinger has contacted with the

target.

INCORRECT Only а part of the main knuckles of

the forefinger and middle finger

have contacted with the target.

CORREC'!

The punching part is exactly

aligned on target.

Correct punching part

Incorrect punching part

The line of power is moved to the center of the

four knuckles instead of the two main knuckles.

Back Fist (Dung Joomuk)

This is primarily used for attacking

the skull, forehead, temple, philtrum

and abdomen, with the floating ribs

and epigastrium secondary targets.

The main knuckles of the forefinger

and middle finger are the parts used.

Side Fist (Yop Joomuk)

This is used for attacking the skull,

elbow joint, ribs, solar plexus, philtrum

and abdomen. It is occasionally used

for blocking.

Under Fist (Mit Joomuk)

Roll the four fingers into the palm,

pressing the forefinger slightly with the

thumb. It is effective in attacking the

jaw, lips, temple, solar plexus, Adam's

apple and philtrum. The second knuck-

les of the forefinger, middle finger and

ring finger comprise the attacking

parts

Open Fist (Pyun Joomuk)

It is created when the wrist is bent

upward and all except the main

knuckles are bent towards the palm.

This is used to attack the nose, jaw

and point of the chin

It can be used in blocking in rare

cases.

Long Fist (Ghin Joomuk)

This is very similar to an under fist

except that the main knuckles are stif-

fened and the thumb is bent firmly,

leaving some space between the fore-

finger and the thumb. It is used to the

attack the temple or the Adam’s apple.

Palm (Sonbadak)

Bend all the fingers slightly toward

the palm to strengthen it. This is chiefly

used in blocking and occasionally for

attacking the face.

Knuckle Fist (Sonkarak Joomuk)

This is formed with either one of the secondary knuckles of the

forefinger or middle finger. The attack is more effective to a minute vital

spot at a close distance if the snap motion is used properly.

Middle Knuckle Fist (Joongji

Joomuk)

Push the secondary knuckle of the

middle finger out of the forefist with

the side of the thumb. It is used in

attacking the solar plexus, temple

and philtrum.

The solar plexus is attacked in the

same way as an uppercut.

Fore-Knuckle Fist (/nji Joomuk)

Push the secondary knuckle of the

forefinger out of an under fist with the

thumb. It is used to attack the Adam’s

apple, temple and philtrum

Thumb Knuckle Fist (Umi

Joomuk)

The form is very similar to fore-

knuckle fist but the fore-knuckle is

not pushed out. It is used to attack

the point of the chin, philtrum,

temple and solar plexus.

Knife-Hand (Sonka/)

This is a very powerful attacking tool,

especially against a side target, and is

used for attacking the skull, neck artery,

bridge of the nose, temple, philtrum,

clavicle, shoulder and floating ribs.

The knife-hand is also frequently

used for blocking.

HOW TO MAKE A PROPER KNIFE-

HAND

Press four fingers together bending the

middle finger and ring finger slightly inward

leaving some space between the forefinger

and thumb, so that most of the strength is

concentrated on the striking part, the sur-

face from the wrist to the main knuckle of

the little finger.

INCORR ECT

An incorrect way of forming a knife-hand is

by pressing the thumb against the fore-

finger. This will weaken both the knife-hand

and fingertips. In both cases, the joint of the

little finger should not be used by beginners

due to its weakness.

Reverse Knife-Hand (Sonka/ Dung)

It is similar to the knife-hand except

that the thumb is bent sharply toward

the palm. It is used for attacking the

neck, point of the chin, temple, philt

rum, ribs and angle of the mandible. It

is frequently used for blocking as well.

Fingertips (Sonkut)

This is a special tool found only in Taekwon-Do. The

usage of it varies according to the target. The form of the hand

is just the same as that of a knife-hand as far as straight, flat

and upset fingertips are concerned. The fingertips are the

parts used and a great emphasis is placed on evenly aligning

the three fingertips—forefinger, middle finger and ring finger.

Flat Fingertip (Opun Sonkut)

The palm is faced downward at the

moment of impact. It is chiefly used for

attacking the ribs, eyes and occasion-

ally the abdomen.

Straight Fingertip (Sun Sonkut)

The palm faces inward at the moment of

impact. It is used for thrusting to either the

solar plexus or the abdomen,

Upset Fingertip (Dwijibun Sonkut)

The palm faces upward at the moment of

impact. It is mainly used for attacking the

pubic region floating ribs and lower abdo-

men, though occasionally the armpit.

Angle Fingertip (Homi Sonkut)

Bend the main knuckle sharply pres-

sing the secondary knuckle of the fore-

finger with the thumb until the angle

becomes about 90 degrees.

It is especially useful in attacking the

eyes or solar plexus from the right

angle.

Thumb (Umji)

Extend the thumb out of the forefist.

Be sure not to bend any joint of the

thumb. It is used to thrust the solar

plexus, ribs, eyes, windpipe and armpit

Forefinger (Han Sonkarak)

The forefinger is extended,

bending slightly while the Double Fingertip (Doo Sonkarak) others are clenched, the thumb pressing the middle Forefinger and middle finger are finger. 2 extended, bending slightly while the

It is mainly used in attack- others are clenched. Press the ring

ing the eyes, windpipe and finger with the thumb This too!

mastrid. can only be utilized against the eyes

Агс-Напд (Banda! Son) Bend three fingers slightly deeper

than the forefinger while the thumb

is bent toward the little finger. It is

used to attack the Adam's apple,

point of the chin and upper neck.

The surface between the secon

dary knuckle of the forefinger and

thumb is used. The arc-hand is occa-

sionally employed for blocking.

INCORRECT Three fingers are clenched. This

method is not practical since the fore-

finger is not supported by the three

fingers which also become an obstacle

when attacking the upper neck

Back Hand (Sondung)

It is an ordinary open hand but by

pressing the thumb against the side

of the forefinger, it is used for attack

ing the face, jaw, lips and epigas-

trium. Occasionally the back hand is

used for blocking.

Forearm (Palmok)

This is used for blocking and

is classified into outer, inner, back

and under forearm,

One-third of the arm, from the

wrist to the elbow, is used.

Outer forearm (Bakatpalmok)

Back forearm

(Dungpalmok)

Inner forearm (Anpalmok)

Under forearm (Mitpalmok)

Elbow (Ра/Кир)

The elbow is created when

the arm is bent sharply. It is used

for attacking the solar plexus,

chest, abdomen, point of the chin,

ribs, jaw, cervix, small of the back,

etc.

It is classified into front, side,

straight, high, upper and back

elbow; frequently, the straight

elbow serves as a blocking tool.

Finger Pincers (Jipge Son) Three fingers are clenched while

the thumb and forefinger are stret-

ched out to form the shape of pin

cers. It is chiefly used to attack the

Adam's apple and throat.

The secondary knuckle of the

middle finger is used, together with

the tips of the thumb and forefinger

Press Finger (Jiap) It is used to apply pressure

to arteries and minute vital

spots.

Base of Knife-Hand

(Sonkal Batang)

It is created when the wrist is bent

sharply toward the thumb and is used

to attack the clavicle only.

Bear Hand (Gomson)

Bend all fingers inward

firmly. К is normally used in

attacking the post auricular

and jaw; occasionally the

solar plexus and epigastrium.

Bow Wrist (Sonmok Dung)

This form is created when the wrist is

bent downward. It is used in blocking.

Do not allow the wrist to bend too

sharply.

Finger Belly (Songarak Badak)

This is used only to adjust the back

fist when attacking the philtrum by

bringing it to the side fist at the

moment of impact.

Thumb Ridge (Umji Batang)

The formation is similar to an arc-

hand but the thumb is deeply bent

downward and it is used in blocking.

В. FOOT PARTS (На Bansin)

Most of the esoteric techniques of Taekwon-Do involve the feet which produce

twice the amount of force of the hand motions.

Proper and timely employment of thistool cannot be overemphasized.

Ball of the Foot (Apkumchi)

The toes are bent sharply upward at the moment of impact. It is used

to attack the face, point of the chin, inner thigh, chest, solar plexus,

floating ribs, scrotum, coccyx and lower abdomen, and occasionally is

used for blocking in support of the back sole.

Front View

Footsword (Ва/Ка/)

This is considered the most important tool of the foot and is used to

attack the philtrum, bridge of the nose, neck, solar plexus, chin, temple,

armpit, floating ribs, knee joint, ankle joint and instep.

Frequently it is used for blocking. One-third of the edge, from the heel

to the joint of the little toe, is the part used.

Remember to push out the heel while bending the root of the toes

back to properly tense the footsword at the moment of impact.

Front View

Back Sole (Dwitkumchi)

It is primarily used for stamping and

occasionally used for blocking in sup-

port of the ball of the foot. More targets

naturally present themselves when

used against a fallen opponent. This

tool is extremly effective if shoes are

worn

Knee (Moorup)

It is an effective tool in attacking the

solar plexus, abdomen, lower abdo-

men, face, chest and scrotum at a close

distance.

Back View

Back Heel (Dwichook):

It is very widely used for

attacking ше philtrum,

temple, solar plexus,

scrotum, jaw and floating

ribs.

Instep (Ba/dung)

It is created when both the ankle and

toes are bent sharply downward and is

exclusively used in attacking the

scrotum or jaw. However, the face,

solar plexus, floating ribs and abdomen

often become good targets, especially

if shoes are worn.

Side Instep (Yop Ba/dung)

This form is created when the ankle is properly bent upward while twisting

the foot until the instep faces almost downward. It is used for blocking.

Front View

Reverse Footsword (Ва/Ка/ Dung)

This form is created when both the

ankle and the toes are bent sharply

upward. It is used for attacking the

face, chest and solar plexus from a 90

degree angle.

Side Sole (Yop Bal Badak)

This form is created when the toes

are properly bent upward while bend-

ing the ankle slightly upward. It is used

in blocking.

Toes (Ba/kut)

It is used to attack the scrotum or

abdomen. However, the floating ribs,

point of the chin, solar plexus and other

parts of the face can serve as targets

when shoes are worn

C. MISCELLANEOUS PARTS (Gita Boowi)

Some of the attacking and blocking tools listed here are not used

unless absolutely necessary. They are not only difficult to toughen or

harden but lower results can be expected when compared to the risk

involved. It is, however, worthwhile to be prepared for any

contingency.

Head (Mori)

It is classified into forehead and

occiput: The former is quite effective in

attacking the face or chest; the latter

with the mouth open may be used for

attacking the face when being grasped

from behind. However, it is better not

to use the occiput for obvious reasons.

Other techniques may suffice.

forehead (ima)

Oceiput

(hudoo)

Inner Ankle Joint

(An Balmok Gwanjo!)

Shoulder (Euhke)

It can be used for pushing

away an opponent at a close

distance.

Outer Ankle Joint

(Bakat Balmok Gwanjo!)

Tibia (Kyong Gol)

Inner Tibia (An Kyong Gol)

Back Tibia (Dwit Kyong Gol)

Outer Tibia (Bakat Kyong Gol)

Toe Edge (Ba/garak Ма!) Shin (Jong Kwaeng-i)

THE CHEST (Gasum)

The chest is composed of the chest wall, lungs, heart, aorta and vena

cava (the big vessels which take blood to and from the heart). The chest

wall is composed of the ribs and muscles. These give excellent protection

to the internal organs they surround. Consequently, the lungs, the heart or

the blood vessels are only rarely injured in Taekwon-Do. It should be

noted that the thoracic spine running through the middle of the back of

the chest is very vulnerable to direct blows.

A blow to the breast of a woman will cause excruciating pain but

serious damage is most unusual.

THE ABDOMEN (B8okboo)

The abdomen is a cavity containing many organs. It is formed by the

diaphragm above and the plevic diaphragm below. It is surrounded by the

abdominal wall in front and on the sides. The back of the abdomen is

formed by the lumbar spine and the paraspinal muscles. It should be

realized that the lumbar spine, which is composed of 5 vertebrae, is the

only solid support the abdomen has. Injury to the spine will result in leg

pain or paralysis of the legs. Injury to the paraspinal muscles will cause

back pain which may be disabling for many months or years. Solid organs

of the abdomen are the liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys. A direct blow

to these may result in their rupture and life-threatening bleeding. The

stomach and the intestines are never injured except with knife or gunshot

wounds. A blow to the solar plexus is very disabling momentarily but with

no long term consequences. In women, blows to the external genitalia are

very painful but without serious sequela. In men, the situation is quite

different. A blow to the genitalia can cause bleeding inside the testicles

and subsequent inability to have children. It is evident that very serious

consequences may accompany such a blow.

THE EXTREMITIES (Ра/ Gwa Dari)

The arms are joined to the rest of the body by the clavicle and the

shoulder blades. Injury to these is not usually serious. The shoulder can be

easily dislocated and cause compression о! the nerves and vessels that

pass to the arm through the axilla (armpit). Note that the axilla is not

protected whenever the arm is lifted. On the innerside of the elbow passes

the ulner nerve. It is very vulnerable to injury at this point. Fractures of the

wrist or hand may not appear serious but may cause severe long term

disability. The knees are very vulnerable to an attack from the side. Note

that once a broken knee, forever a weak knee. Tibias (shins) and feet are

easily injured; however, disability is temporary.

All students should understand basic first aid including artificial

respiration so it can be administered if needed. In the case of an internal

injury, it is important to lay the injured party down quietly and check the

party’s complexion, state of consciousness, pulse and respiration. Do not

move the body in any way and call a doctor immediately.

NEVER MAKE THE PATIENT WALK OR JUMP. IT MAY AGGRAVATE

ANY INTERNAL HEMORRAGE.

VITAL SPOTS (Kupso)

Vital spot in Taekwon-Do is defined as any sensitive or breakable area

on the body vulnerable to an attack. It is essential that a student of

Taekwon-Do has а knowledge of the different spots so that he can use the

proper attacking or blocking tool. Indiscriminate attack is to be con-

demned as it is inefficient and wasteful of energy.

The student should realize that in order to cause a significant injury

different force may be necessary at different vital spots. For example, small

force will cause a great damage if it is applied to the neck. On the other

hand, the front of the adbomen, if appropriately strengthened, can

withstand large force without significant injury to the internal organs.

Vital spots can be divided into two groups. Major: Injury to these can lead to death or permanent disability. Minor: Injury to these is not life threatening but will cause pain and temporary disability. For the sake of simplicity, the human body can be divided into five

groups: the head, chest, abdomen, external genitalia, and the four

extremities.

THE HEAD (Mori) The bone structure of the head is composed of the skull which

protects the contents of the head. The skull itself is composed of 28 bones,

eight of which protect and house the brain. The eyes are set deep in their

sockets and thus they are well protected against hand or foot blows,

except when attacked by fingers or toes, both of which can cause very

serious damage indeed. The nose is composed of a bony part (the bridge

of the nose) and the cartilage (the tip of the nose). A blow to the nose can

result in fracture (break) and/or troublesome bleeding. Neither of these is

usually serious. The mouth is formed by the maxilla into which are set the

upper teeth, and the mandible (the jaw) into which are set the lower teeth.

The floor of the mouth is filled by the tongue. The lips form the outside

covering of the teeth. The upper lip has a groove in the midline called the

philtrum (it is of no significance, except as a guiding point), Injuries to the

mouth commonly result in broken teeth, bitten lips or tongue and

uncommonly, broken bones. Ears can be divided into the outer and inner

portions. The outer portion we can see, the inner we cannot. Injury to the

outer portion commonly results in swelling or bleeding. This is rarely

serious. However, a blow over the ear canal, which leads to the inner

portion of the ear, may result in the rupture of the tympanic membrane and

thus cause severe pain and temporary deafness.

К is most important to realize that a blow to AN Y part of the head, if

severe enough, will result in unconsciousness. This must be seen as a

serious injury ALWAYS because even though this may only be a minor

concussion, it may also be a sign of impending death.

THE NECK (Mok)

The neck can be seen as a connecting stem between the head, the

brain and the rest of the body. It functions as a support of the head as well

as a conduit. The support is accomplished by the cervical (neck) spine.

This is the first part of the vertebral column (back bone). The other parts

are: thoracic (chest) spine, lumbar (abdominal) spine, sacral (the part

between the two hip bones) spine and the coccyx.

The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae. Inside of the vertebrae

is a canal which contains the spinal cord; The nerves going to the rest of

the body exit from the spinal cord between two neighboring vertebrae.

Injuries to any part of the spine can lead to the fracture of a vertebra which

if displaced will lead to compression or transection of nerves on the spinal

cord. This in turn may result in paralysis of the muscles or the part of the

body innervated by the nerve or the spinal cord. The conduit part lies in

front of the cervical spine. In front of this lies the laryex and the trachea

(Adam's apple and the wind pipe) which bring air to the lungs. Behind lies

the esophagus (food pipe) which brings food to the stomach. On the side

of these are located carotid arteries (one on each side) which take blood

from the heart to the brain. Injury to the larynx, trachea or carotid arteries is

extremely serious and can lead to rapid death. Injuries to the esophagus

are very rare, except with a knife or gunshot wound to the neck.

SECTION OF THE BODY (Мот Dungboon)

Taekwon-Do training is characterized by its lack of contact. Patterns

and many other attack and defence exercises are practised alone against

an imaginery opponent. Even sparring is conducted without actually

striking or grasping an opponent's body. Under these circumstances it

would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to specify the particular

vital spot to be attacked. Furthermore, it would be almost impossible to

standardize the location of the hand or foot of the student for attack or

defence. To alleviate these problems, the human body has been im-

aginarily divided into three sections: the high, above the neck; the middle,

between the shoulders and umbilicus; and the low, below the umbilicus.

Within these areas are a number of vital spots. In each area, the most

accessible vital spot is used to categorize each section: i.e. philtrum for

high, solar plexus for middle, and groin for low.

High Section (Nopun Boobun)

Middle Section

(Kaundye Boobun)

Low Section (Najun Boobun)

. Skull (Dae sin moon)

. Temple (Gwanja пот) . Bridge of the nose (Ман)

. Eyeball (Angoo)

. Mastrid ( Hoo-i-hoo) . Mandibula (Tok gwanjol) . Philtrum (/njoong) . Jaw ( Yop tok) . Point of the chin (Mit tok)

10. Lips (Грач!)

и.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

Angle of the mandible (Wit tok)

Upper neck (Wi¢mok) Adam's apple (Gyol hoo) Windpipe (Soom tong) Clavicle (Swe gol) Thenar (U mjigoo) Radical artery ( Mackbak sonmok dongmack )

Back wrist artery (ung eonmok dongmaek)

Wrist joint (Sonmok gwanjol)

Shoulder joint(Lukke gwanjol) Nose (Kotdung)

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

. Lower Abdomen (На bokboo)

31.

33.

. Neck artery (Mok dongmaek)

. Heart (Shim jang)

. Groin (Sataguni)

. Instep (Baldung)

24 —

27 ———

Sternum (Hyung gol)

Solar plexus (Myong chi)

Spleen (Pi дано)

Liver (Gan jang)

Epigstrium (Sang bokboo)

Umbilieus ( Baekkob)

Pubic region (Chiboo)

Scrotum (Nang shim)

. Occiput (Hoodoo)

ыы . Cervix (Gyong boo)

. Upper back (Суон gap) . Small of the back (Gyong chu)

. Kidney (Kongpat)

. Соесух (Мо!) . Fossa (Ogum) 41 . Achilles tendon (Dicichuk himjool }

. Ankle joint (Balmok gwanjol)

. Elbow joint (Palgup gwanjol)

. Armpit (Gyodurang)

46 — . Floating ribs (Nuk gol) . Knee joint (Murup gwanjol) . Inner thigh ( Anjok hobok dari)

. Tibia (K yong gol)

CHECK LIST ( Daejo Pyo)

The various check lists shown in this chapter should help the

student to use the correct attacking tool against the proper target

The relationship between attacking tools and vital spots, and

blocking tools and the portions to be blocked are specifically

illustrated.

In Taekwon-Do, the uses of the attacking tools against the vital

spots are decided on a scientific basis, according to the structure of

the human body. If the student knows how and where to use each

tool, he or she should be able to achieve the desired result with a

minimum of expended energy. If not used correctly, however, the

result may be analogous to a carpenter using a hammer instead of a

saw for cutting or a chisel instead of a plane for smoothing wood

It is more effective to attack a vital

spot with an appropriate tool.

It is less effective to attack а vital

spot with an inappropriate tool.

Forefist is less effective than

a forefinger.

Forefinger is more effective

than the forefist.

1 iate tool is used.

ар Cool 36, mse Inappropriate tool is used.

Appropriate tool is used Inappropriate tool is used.

INCORRECT

Appropriate tool is used.

The ball of the foot is less effective

than a footsword.

INCORRECT

Block is made at a proper position with

an appropriate blocking 1001, Block is made at an improper position.

As a result the defender is attacked.

Block is executed at a proper position

INCORRECT with an appropriate blocking tool.

Block with an inappropriate tool;

defender became off-balanced.

RELATION OF ATTACKING TOOL AND VITAL SPOTS

lower abdomen

back sole

against opponent

in falling down

position

solar plexus

temple

philtrum

floating ribs

toes (with shoes on)

wind pipe

bridge of the nose = +5

—

= —

—

ее ae

scrotum ae -

г.

р . — =

inner thigh =

point of the chin =”

skull

forefist

jaw

point of the chin

forehead

floating ribs

epigastrium

back fist mandibular joint

heart

lower abdomen

occiput

102

under fist

long fist

floating ribs

epigastrium

lower abdomen

occiput

shoulder joint

elbow joint

philtrum

temple

solar plexus

lips

jaw

Adam’s apple

skull

temple

bridge of the nose

philtrum

angle of mandible

Adam’s apple

knife-hand

floating ribs

point of the chin

neck artery

reverse knife-hand

shoulder joint

solar plexus

104

armpit

umbilicus

eyeball

windpipe

mastrid

fingertip upper neck

small of the back

kidney

epigastrium

liver

floating ribs

pubic region

spleen

elbow

sternum

heart

point of the chin

jaw

solar plexus

105

finger pincers

solar plexus

epigastrium

jaw

point of the chin

forehead

heart

lips

epigastrium

jaw

lips

upper neck

Adam's apple

point of the chin

clavicle

backwrist artery

underwrist artery

armpit

Achilles’ tendon

mastrid

thenar

reverse footsword

108

bridge of the nose

tibia

armpit

heart

spleen

solar plexus

neck artery

knee joint

ankle joint

upper neck

temple

groin

bridge of the nose

lower abdomen

solar plexus

epigastrium

inner thigh

scrotum

ball of the foot

face

philtrum

heart

spleen

floating ribs

liver

temple

соесух 109

RELATION OF BLOCKING TOOL AND PORTION TO BE BLOCKED

METHOD OF BLOCKING PORTION BLOCKED

outer forearm

wrist joint

side inner forearm

rising

W-shape outer forearm

low

back forearm

front tibia

outer tibia

side front й

inner tibia

low front Achilles’ tendon

downward outer ankle joint

waist

inner ankle joint

footsword

110

METHOD OF ATTACKING

punch

| downward strike

——— front strike

punch

high thrust

cross-cut

side strike

= high thrust

punch

middle thrust

side strike

—_— front snap kick

reverse turning kick

side piercing kick

pick-shape kick

reverse turning kick

side piercing kick

twisting kick

—_— side thrusting kick

ATTACKING TOOL

side fist

back fist

knife-hand

angle fingertip

reverse knife-hand

flat fingertip

baek heel

ball of the foot

footsword

111

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL

downward strike

forefist

side fist

punch

high thrust back fist

cross-cut

side strike knife-hand

front snap kiek

tuming kick reverse knife-hand

side thrusting kick

twisting kick flat fingertip

side piercing kick

— ball of the foot

side strike

downward strike mack eat

middle thrust

reverse turning kick

side piercing kick ни

pick-shape kick

front snap kick

flying side kick

mid-air kick 113

METHOD OF BLOCKING PORTION BLOCKED

inner forearm

inner forearm outer forearm

side inner wrist side front outer wrist

waist tibia

circular Achilles’ tendon

W-shape back tibia

side fist outer ankle joint

downward elbow joint

inward

back

114 =

back wrist —__

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL,

punch

high front thrust knife-hand

front strike

forefist

inward cross-cut

side strike

reverse knife-hand

front strike =” в"

outward cross-cut ВУИ В flat fingertip

side thrusting kick

faring kick — footsword

front snap kick

back heel

side piercing kick

ball of the foot

reverse turning kick

footsword

flat fingertip

forefist

115

METHOD OF BLOCKING PORTION BLOCKED

inner forearm

reverse knife-hand

W-shape outer forearm outer tibia

low inward

inner tibia inner wrist

side

back tibia

side front

upward

under forearm outer wrist

circular

back forearm

116

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL

punch

high thrust

forefist

——— front snap kick knife-hand

inward coss-cut flat fingertip

front strike bask hana

mid-air kick

palm

4 flying side kick

front snap kick

punch

| rant eee ball of the foot

front strike

- side strike

outward cross-cut reverse knife-hand

—— outward strike footsword

side pierving kick

| side thrusting kick 117

METHOD OF BLOCKING PORTION BLOCKED

back tibia

waist

inner forearm

pushing о

shoulder

pared outer forearm

inner ankle joint

inward

palm hooking under forearm

low inward

outer ankle joint

scooping

downward

back foreaam ——

pressing

outer tibia

back heel

118

Pe д ——

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL

reverse turning kick

side piercing kick

forefist

punch

high thrust flat fingertip

side piercing kick

side thrusting kick

punch

back heel

side piercing kick

turning kick - footsword

side thrusting kick

ball of the foot

punch

instep

front snap kick

middle thrust

front snap kick

119

METHOD OF BLOCKING PORTION BLOCKED

tibia

X-knife-hand

and X-fist

back forearm

pressing

outer tibia

downward

under forearm =————

checking

rising inner tibia

back tibia

ball of the foot ———

twin palm pressing

knee

thumb ridge back heel

upward

palm

bow wrist

inner tibia

120

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL

turning kick

front snap kick instep

т ball of the foot

side piercing kick

side thrusting kick

turning kick

forefist

punch

high front thrust footsword

flying side kick

flat fingertip

mid-air kick

twisting kick back heel

reverse turning kick

front snap kiek к ball of the foot

turning kick

front snap kick

back snap kick back heel

punch footsword

side piercing kick

METHOD OF BLOCKING

straight forearm and

straight knife-hand

checking

double forearm

outward

pushing

122

PORTION BLOCKED

outer forearm

back tibia

outer tibia

inner tibia

inner forearm

outer forearm

inner forearm

tibia

back tibia — —-

back forearm

under forearm =—————

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL

side strike

reverse turning kick

vertical kick

turning kick

ball of the foot

eee ~ reverse knife-hand

front strike

outward strike

ball of the foot

punch ———

high front thrust reverse knife-hand

inward strike — knife-hand

side thrusting kick fection

flat fingertij

side piercing kick silat

footsword

reverse turning kick

ball of the foot

outward strike

palm

inward strike

back heel

front snap kick

back hand

METHOD OF BLOCKING PORTION BLOCKED

traight elbow

— Е back wrist

downward [Se ae RSS SS back hand

outer ankle joint

inner thigh

forefist pressing

inner ankle joint

under forearm

inner tibia

arc-hand rising

outer forearm

back tibia

124

——— pick-shape kick

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL

punch

forefist

middle thrust. ————}— — — —- — ~~ _ flat fingertip

side piercing kick

footsword

back piercing kick

front snap kiek instep ball of the foot

twisting kick

punch a a a жж о о forefist

high thrust flat fingertip

flying side kick footsword

mid-air kick

_ue--- —— knife-hand

niin tite | ae OO

— back heel

ball of the foot

METHOD OF BLOCKING PORTION BLOCKED

outer forearm

back hand

inner forearm

outward back tibia

back forearm

under forearm

outer forearm

side instep | hooking inner forearm

DS elbow joint

crescent

back tibia ——————

side sole

waving

126 reverse footsword ——

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL

punch ball of the foot

high thrust forefist

side thrusting kick

flat fingertip

side piercing kick

back piercing kick footsword

—— outward strike

palm

—— inward strike back hand

punch

flat fingertip

high thrust

forefist

J side piercing kick footsword

| back piercing kick instep

ball of the foot

—— front snap kick

METHOD OF BLOCKING PORTION BLOCKED

rising

tibia

footsword

checking knee

under forearm =———

rising

ball of the foot inner tibia

checking

sternum

solar plexus

back sole checking

128

METHOD OF ATTACKING ATTACKING TOOL

ball of the foot

front snap kick

instep

punch

high thrust forefist

side piercing kick

flat fingertip

running in feet

footsword

129

130

г 92 POUND WEAKLING, CC ‘converten «=F Fundador Tae Kwo

Among Choi's portfolios, n R

he’ s Father of т: Do Critica a Jhoo

=e LR oes :

адеяьачи +

‘aekwon-Do leadef

links force. w isdom

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IMPORTANT:

Due to the distortion of distance apparent in photographs, the angle of the

feet in stances may appear slightly out of position. The student, therefore, is

encouraged to refer to the feet illustrations rather than the photograph itself.

Parallel stance

Sitting stance

132

Walking Stance (Сиппип 8091)

Front view

Back View

L-Stance (Niunja Sogi)

Front View

Back View

133

STANCE (Sogi)

The forceful and finer techniques of attack and defence are largely

dependent on a correct stance since the stance is the starting point of

every Taekwon-Do movement.

Stability, agility, balance and flexibility are the controlling factors.

Basic principles for a proper stance are:

1. Keep the back straight, with few exceptions.

2. Relax the shoulders.

3. Tense the abdomen. Side facing (Chuk Myon)

4. Maintain a correct facing. The

stance may be full facing, half

facing or side facing the

opponent.

5. Maintain equilibrium.

6. Make use of the knee spring properly.

Close Stance (Moa Sogi)

Stand with the feet together. It can be

either full facing or side facing.

Side View

Front View

Back View

Full facing (Jon sin)

Parallel Stance (Narani Sogi)

Spread the feet parallel to shoulder width.

Keep the toes pointing toward the front. It

can be either full facing or side facing.

Front View

One shoulder width

Back View

* Knee spring refers to the function of

the knee in raising and lowering the

body.

* Front foot refers to the foot which is

advanced to the front. Rear foot

refers to the foot which is placed at

the rear,

136

Side View

Front View

INCORRECT It is not only weak against an

attack from the front or rear

but hampers the beauty of the

leg lines because the distaince

between the feet is over one

shoulder width.

Open Stance (Ра//а Sogi)

This stance is divided into outer open stance and inner open stance. It

can be either full facing or side facing. Both of these are seldom used due

to the looseness of the leg muscles and lack of stability.

Inner Open Stance (An Ра/а Sogi)

Keep the toes pointing slightly inward. Side View

Front View

Outer Open Stance (Bakat Palja Sogi)

Keep the toes pointing outward about 45 degrees.

Front View

Side View

* These three stances serve primarily as preparatory actions though

occasionally used for attack or defence.

137

Walking Stance (Gunnun $09/)

This is a strong stance for front and rear, both in attack and defence.

1. Move one foot to either front or rear at a distance of one and a half

shoulder width between the big toes and a shoulder width from

one centre of the instep to the other. Over one and a half shoulder

width in distance makes the movement slow and weak against an

attack from the side, and weak against an attack from the front or

rear.

2. Bend the front leg until the knee cap forms a vertical line with the

heel, extending the opposite leg fully.

3. Distribute the body weight evenly on both feet.

4. Keep the toes of the front foot pointing forward, the opposite foot

25 degrees outward. Over 25 degrees weakens the leg joint

against an attack from the rear.

5. Tense the muscles of the feet with the feeling of pulling them

toward each other.

When the right leg is bent, the stance is called a right walking stance

and vice-versa. It can be either full facing or half facing both in attack and

defence.

i : Left walking stance

Bigs walking stance (Wen gunnun sogi)

(Orun диппип Sogi)

Side View

Front View

Center of gravity

One shoulder width

Centre of gravity

138

Pull facing (Jon xin)

Half facing (Ban sin)

INCORRECT

The distance is too wide, making

the movement slow and weak.

INCORRECT

The right heel is off the ground

because the toes of the rear foot

face forward.

INCORRECT Not only does the movement, particularly a backward

movement, become weak but also prohibits kicking with the

front foot since the leg is bent excessively, which presents

poor weight distribution.

139

INCORRECT Weak against an attack from front

or rear, since the distance between

the feet is too wide.

140

INCORRECT Weak against an attack

from the side, since the

width between the feet is

too narrow.

INCORRECT Leg joint is damaged be-

cause the toes of the rear

foot are pointed outward

over 25 degrees.

L-Stance (Niunja Sogi)

This is widely used for defense, though used in attack as well. The

front foot is readily available for kicking with a slight shift of the body

weight and with the advantage of half facing as well as body shifting.

1. Move one foot to either front or rear to a distance of approximately

one and a half times the shoulder width from the footsword of the

rear foot to the toes of the front foot, forming almost a right angle.

К is recommended that the toes of both feet point about 15

degrees inward, placing the front heel beyond the heel of the rear

foot about 2.5 centimeters to gain better stability.

2. Bend the rear leg until the knee cap forms a vertical line with the

toes, bending the front leg proportionally.

3. Keep the hip aligned with the inner knee joint. 4. The ratio of the body weight is about 70 percent on the rear leg and

30 percent on the front leg.

When theright leg is bent it is called a right L-stance and vice-versa. It

is always half facing, both for attack and defense.

One and a half

shoulder width

Right L-stance

141

Front View

Centre of gravity

Back View

INCORRECT

Damage is done to the left leg which is excessively bent.

142

INCORRECT

The front foot is placed too far inside making it susceptible to

8 foot sweep.

INCORRECT The bottom is pushed too

much to the rear thus failing to

block effectively.

143

Original posture has been

CORRECT Jumping recovered correctly.

Failed to recover the

INCORRECT dumping original posture.

INCORRECT

The opponent attacks before the defender has a chance to

raise his foot since the stance is too wide.

INCORRECT

Toes are pointed outward.

Easily toppled.

The right knee is excessively

bent.

145

Fixed Stance (Go/jung Sogi)

Itis an effective stance for attack and defense to the side. This stance

is similar to the L-stance with the following exceptions:

1. The body weight is distributed on both legs evenly.

2. The distance between the feet is about one and a half shoulder

width.

When the right foot is advanced, the stance is called a right fixed

stance and vice-versa. It is always half facing, both in attack and defense.

Left fixed stance

One and a half

shoulder width

Front View

Right fixed stance

Side View

146

Right fixed stance Right fixed stance

Side View

Л Back View

INCORRECT

The opponent attacks before the de- The punch is not as forceful

fender has a chance to raise her foot. as it should be.

INCORRECT

The right knee is pushed too

far to the rear.

147

Sitting Stance (Annun 509!)

This is a very stable stance for lateral movement. It is also widely used

for punching exercise and muscle development of the legs. One of the

advantages of this stance isto shift into walking stance without relocating

the foot.

1. Spread one leg to the side at a distance of approximately one and

half a shoulder width between the big toes.

2. Point the toes to the front and distribute the body weight evenly on

both legs.

3. Extend the knees outward, bending until the knee caps come over

the ball of the foot.

4. Infuse the strength into the inner thighs and tense inward by

scraping the ground or floor with the side soles.

5. Push both the chest and abdomen out and pull the hip back

tensing the abdomen

Double width of the shoulder weakens the stance and speedy

movement is hampered. It is either full facing or side facing, both in attack

and defence.

Full facing

Side facing

Front View

One and a half

shoulder width

| Side View

148

INCORRECT

The hip is over extended.

INCORRECT

The stance is too wide.

Not only side movement is

hampered but the opponent is

attacked even before being

able to raise the left foot

INCORRECT

The abdomen is thrown out

too far.

The punch is not powerful.

149

INCORRECT

pointed outward.

Toes are

INCORRECT

150

Diagonal Stance (Sasun sogi)

This is very useful for shifting into a

walking stance without relocating the foot.

The principle for a sitting stance is directly

applied except that the Нее! of the front foot

is placed on the same line with the toes of

the rear foot. It is used for attacking and

defending against the front or rear. When

the right foot is advanced, the stance is

called a right diagonal stance and vice-

versa. It can be either full facing or side

facing both in attack and defense.

One and a half

shoulder width

Right diagonal stanee

Side View

Right diagonal stance

Front View

Left diagonal stance

Side View

151

Crouched Stance (Oguryo $09!)

This is a variation of the diagonal stance and makes use of leg tension

by bending the knees inward. Although this stance provides some

advantages for shifting into other stances quickly and presents flexible

guarding posture to make the opponent move in free sparring, it is not

used widely due to the weakness of the knee joints against attack from the

sides. The distance between the feet can be flexible. When the right foot is

advanced, it is called a right crouched stance and vice-versa. It can be

either full facing or side facing both in attack and. defense.

Left crouched stance

Right crouched stance

Front View

Right crouched stance

Side View

Back View

152

ag?

Right X-stance

Side View

Front View

X-Stance (Kyocha Sogi)

This is a very convenient stance for

attacking the side or front. It is occa-

sionally used for blocking and serves as

a preparatory stance for moving into

the next manoeuver.

1. Cross one foot over or behind the

other, touching the ground

slightly with the ball of the foot.

2. Place the body weight on the

stationary foot.

When the weight is rested on the

right foot, the stance is called a right X-

stance and vice-versa. The other foot is

usually placed in front of the stationary

foot. It is either full facing or half facing,

both in attack and defense.

Right X-stance

Back View

153

Left X-stance

Left X- stance

Front View

Side View

One-Leg Stance (Waeba/ Sogi)

Though this stance is primarily used

for balance exercise, it is occasionally р

utilized in attack and defense tech- ся

niques. Stretch the stationary leg and oe

bring the other reverse footsword on

the knee joint or instep to the hollow.

When standing with the right foot, it is

called a right one-leg stance and vice-

versa. It can be either full facing or side

facing, both in attack and defense.

Left one-leg stance

Right one-leg stance

Front View Side View

Side View

Right one-leg stance

Bending Stance (Guburyo Sogi)

This serves as a preparatory stance

for side and back kicks, though it is

frequently used for defense tech-

niques. When standing with a right

foot it is called a right bending stance

and vice-versa. It is either full facing or

half facing.

Right bending stance

Back View 2

Left one-leg stance

Left bending stance

b=]

Side View

Front View

155

Vertical Stance (Soojik Sogi)

Left vertical stance

1. Move one foot to either front or

side at a distance of one shoulder

width between the big toes.

2. The ratio of body weight is 60

percent on the rear leg and 40

percent on the front leg

3. Keep the toes of both feet pointed

approximately 15 degrees inward.

4. Keep the legs straight

When the right foot is in the rear, the

stance is called a right vertical stance

and vice-versa. It is always half facing,

both in attack and defense.

Front View

Right vertical stance

Front View

Side View

Right vertical stance

| =;

ЕРЕСИ One shoulder width

156

Rear Foot Stance (Dwitba/ $09!)

This is used for defense and occasionally for attack. The advantage of

this stance is the ability to kick or adjust the distance from an opponent

with the front foot which can move spontaneously without any additional

shifting of the body weight to the rear foot

1. Move one foot to either the front or the rear at a distance of one shoulder width between the small toes. 2. Bend the rear leg until the knee comes over the toes, placing the heel slightly beyond the heel of the front foot. 3. Bend the front leg, touching the ground slightly with the ball of the foot. 4. Keep the toes of front foot pointing about 25 degrees and the toes of the rear foot about 15 degrees inward. 5. Distribute most of the body weight on the rear foot When the right foot is in the rear, the stance is called a right rear foot

stance and vice-versa. It is always half facing, both in attack and defense.

Be sure to keep the knee of the rear leg pointing slightly inward.

Right rear foot stance

Side View

= One shoulder width

Front View

157

Left rear foot stance

Front View

Side View

Right rear foot stance

INCORRECT

The right knee points outward

instead of inward.

Back View

168

Low Stance (Nachuo Sogi)

The advantage of this stance is the ease with which one can extend

the attacking tool. It can also develop the leg muscles and is effective to

adjust the distance to and from the target. It is similar to the walking

stance, though longer by one foot. It can be either full facing or side

facing.

Front View

Right low stance Lefi low stance

Right low stance Left low stance

Side View

159

READY STANCE (Junbi $091)

Though there are many ready stances; parallel, open, close and

bending ready stances are exclusively used in the fundamental and

pattern exercises. The ready stance is not a direct part of any action. It

merely positions a student before he begins his motions or allows time for

concentration of spirit.

Attention Stance (Charyot Sogi)

This is an attention position used before and after class. 1. Feet form a 45 degrees angle. 2. Drop the fists down naturally, bend-

ing the elbows slightly.

3. The fists are clenched slightly. 4. Eyes face the front slightly above the

horizontal line.

Front View

Bow Posture (Kyong Ye Jase)

1. Bend the body 15 degrees forward

2. Keep eyes fixed on opponent's eyes.

INCORRET

CORRECT

160

Parallel Ready Stance (Narani Junbi Sogi)

This is just a parallel stance with both fists brought naturally over the

abdomen

1. The distance between fists is about five centimeters and seven

centimeters away from the abdomen.

2. The distance between the elbows and the floating ribs is about 10

centimeters.

3. Do not extend the elbow to the side more than necessary. 4. Hold the upper arms forward 30 degrees while bending the

forearms 40 degrees upward

Front View

Back view Side View

INCORRECT

Shoulders are tensed.

161

Open Ready Stance (Ра/а Junbi

Sogi)

This is nothing but an open stance

with both fists brought naturally over

the thighs.

This stance, however, is seldom used

due to the looseness of the body and

muscles.

Inner Open Ready Stance

Front View

Side View

Outer Open Ready Stance

Sitting Ready Stance (Annun Junbi

Sogi)

This is primarily used for side step-

ping exercise. The position of the

hands is the same as in a walking ready

stance.

Front View

Side View

162

Close Ready Stance (Moa Junbi $09!)

It is classified generally into types A,B and C.

TypeA

The distance between the philtrum and

the fists is about 30 centimeters.

ТА. Front View

Side View

Type B

The distance between the fists and the

navel is about 15 centimeters.

Front View

Side View

Туре С

The distance between the hands and

the abdomen is about 10 centimeters.

Front View

Walking Ready Stance (Gunnun

Junbi Sogi)

1. The distance between the fists and

thigh is about 30 centimeters.

2.The elbow should be bent 30

degrees.

Left walking ready stance

Front View

Side View

Right walking ready stance

Bending Ready Stance (Guburyo Junbi Sogi)

It is classified into type A and B. When standing with a right foot

executing a left forearm guarding block, it is called a right bending ready

stance and vice-versa.

Туре А К is principally used for а preparatory

position of side piercing and side

thrusting kicks.

Right bending ready stance A Left bending ready stance A

Side View

Front View

Right bending ready stance A Left bending ready stance A

Side View

Back View

165

Туре В

It за preparatory position of back

piercing kick.

1. The distance between the fists and thigh is about 25 centimeters. 2. The elbow should be bent 30

degrees.

Right bending ready stance B Left bending ready stance B

Front View

Left bending ready stance B Left bending ready stance B

Side View

Back View

166

L-Ready Stance (Niunja Junbi Sogi)

Side View

Front View

X-Ready Stance ( K yocha Junbi Sogi)

Back View

Front view

167

TRAINING (Sooryon)

Taekwon-Do training can be conducted in any physical location

even with the absence of training aids. This is perhaps one of the greatest

advantages of this art.

In order, however, to obtain the optimum results of training, regular

equipment and a training hall are required.

Below is the desired standard for а do jang:

1. Size: 15 meters by 14 meters 15 an ideal size for 40

students per session.

2. Floor: It should be a wooden floor which has the

resilience to prevent injury during training.

3. Name plate: It shows both the name and rank of each

student, promoting incentive.

. Training aids: Must be adequate and adhere to stan-

dards.

Lockers . Shower and sauna (Optional) . Sanitation facilities . Emergency facilities . The student oath below plainly displayed: a. | shall observe the tenets of Taekwon-Do. b. | shall respect the instructor and seniors. c. | shall never misuse Taekwon-Do. 4. | shall be a champion of freedom and justice.

e. | shall build a more peaceful world.

10. International Taekwon-Do Federation flag and other

Taekwon-Do insignias (up to instructor's discretion): to

promote respect for true Taekwon-Do.

11. Recognition plaque: To identify an authorized school of the International Taekwon- Do Federation.

CHINA

170

TRAINING HALL (Do Jang)

A do jang is an area where young and old, men and women,

regardless of race or creed, come to learn Taekwon-Do for the promotion

of their mental, moral, physical and cultural education. It should be a place

where a Certain “esprit de corps” between members can be established

with a common goal of promoting and cultivating a noble character.

Certainly, to fill the prerequisites necessary to attain these ideas, a well-

trained—mentally and physically—black belt instructor is needed. This is

the primary consideration for any do jang. The hall itself must also have

the facilities, equipment, and strict regulations to help discipline the

student's mind and body.

The size of the do jang and equipment to be used can be flexible

according to the circumstances and individual choice. Again, the only

thing that cannot be compromised is the quality of the instructor.

Do Jang Regulations:

1. Smoking is prohibited. 2. Refrain from swearing idle chatter. . ; 3. Alchoholic beverages, soft drinks or food is not allowed in the do jang.

4. Wearing shoes is prohibited. , .

5. No one is allowed to teach without the instructor's permission. — 6. No one is allowed to leave class without the instructors permission.

7. Ofticial dobok must be worn during class.

171

CONDUCT IN DO JANG

Every student must observe the following

conduct in the do /апд in order to maintain

an orderly and effective training hall.

. Upon entering the do jang, bow to the

international Taekwon-Do Federation

flag on the wall.

2. Bow to the instructor at a proper distance. Exchange greetings between students. Bow to the instructor upon falling in line before training. Recite the oath prior to training. Meditate for one minute sitting cross- legged after training. Bow to the instructor upon falling in line again prior to dismissal. . Bow to the International Taekwon-Do

Federation flag before leaving the do

jang.

го

—

Students bowing to the instructor before training

172

Students reciting the oath prior to

training.

Students meditating after training.

TRAINING EQUIPMENT

(Sooryon Jangbi)

Certainly Taekwon-Do training does not require expensive equip-

ment, though some simple training aids are needed for da/lyon, the

toughening, forging or developing of necessary attacking or blocking

tools and body muscles; And a do bok (practice suit) for the spiritual

aspect.

174

175

PRACTICE SUIT (Do Bok)

Black belt holder

We assign names to people and objects in

order to distinguish between different in-

dividuals, between objects with different

properties etc. We know immediately that

“Kim Sun Dal” is not the same person as

“Timothy Smith”, that “flora” is distinct

from “fauna”, that a “rock” and a “pillow”

do not have identical characteristics.

The naming of names is a classification

process by which we impose order on the

universe. In the absence of names, the world

would be chaotic and progress would be

impossible. Our do boks serve a similar

purpose. They reveal our occupation and

Front View our rank, identifying us as persons engaged

in a certain kind of activity. Social order

would be difficult to maintain without sys-

temized forms of clothing.

Because of names, football can be clearly

distinguished from baseball, Taekwon-Do

from Judo. Similarly, their respective un-

iforms allow us to distinguish a judge from a

criminal, a general from a private soldier.

When we wear a uniform, we accept a

certain role in society and we are obliged to

behave accordingly.

Our martial art was given the name

Taekwon-Do” to distinguish its technique,

philosophical system, spiritual foundation

and rules of competition from other Oriental

martial arts. We have a uniform unique to

Taekwon-Do for the same reason.

Front View

176

The International Taekwon-Do

Federation introduced this do bok in 1982.

It is the product of many years of research

and development. This new do bok retains

the aspects of the traditional do bok while

representing a new age in terms of design.

It eliminates many of the inconveniences

associated with other martial arts uniforms

It will not, for instance, become undone

during practice or tournament.

It has also put an end to the dishonest

practice of relying on starched material to

create an artificial sound.

The do bok is considered a primary

necessity in both training and tournament

for the following reasons:

(1) The wearing of the do bok should

instill pride in the student as a prac-

titioner of Taekwon-Do.

(2) It identifies the degree of skill and

cultural education in Taekwon-Do

that the individual has attained

(3) The style of the do bok is symbolic of

Taekwon-Do heritage and tradition.

(4) Grade and degree changes indicated

by belt color create incentive while

simultaneously preserving humility.

Grade holder

Back View

177

(5)The do bok is extremly practical and

healthy.

(6) The official do bok distinguishes ortho-

dox Taekwon-Do from its imitators.

The do bok consists of a shirt, pants and

belt made of a synthetic material, detron

mixed with cotton. This material is a vast

improvement over standard cotton in that it

is more durable and flexible.

The shirt and pants must be white in color

to symbolize the traditional color of the

Korean costume. Superfluous frills, piping,

lettering and designs are not permissible.

It is very important for the student to keep

his do bok clean at all times, wear it correctly

and treat it with the respect he owes to his

art. Black piping around the edge of the shirt

is worn only by the black belt holder.

The piping is three centimeters in width

and is symbolic of the royal family and

members of aristocratic houses during the

Koguryo, Baekje and Silla Dynasties.

An international instructor is distinguis-

hed by black stripes three centimeters wide

on both sides of the shirt and pants.

178

International instructor

Side View

Black belt holder

Side View

SHIRT (Sang-i)

Atapered shirt is both more practical and aesthetically pleasing thana

tight or loose one. The sleeves should be long enough to reach the wrist.

The length of the shirt should be to the top of the thigh.

It is permissible to wear a T-shirt under the do bok if the student

desires to do so.

Front View Back View

PANTS (Ha-i)

The logo symbolizes

an evergreen tree.

The length of the pants should be to the top of the ankle bone.

\ Front View

Back View

179

BELT (7/)

There are six orders of belts: white, yellow, green, blue, red and black. The width of the belt is five centimeters, the thickness five millimeters.

The width of the stripe on the end of the belt is also five millimeters. The

distance between the stripe and the end of the belt is five centimeters.

Black belt ranks are distinguished by Roman numerals on the belt as

shown below.

Black belt

eee

Grade holder's belt

180

Type of belt Black belt Red belt with a black stripe

Red belt

Blue belt with a red stripe

Blue belt

Green belt with a blue stripe

Green belt

Yellow belt with a green stripe

Yellow belt

White belt with a yellow stripe

White belt

Rank First to Ninth Degree

First Grade

Second Grade

Third Grade

Fourth Grade

Fifth Grace

Sixth Grade

Seventh Grade

Eighth Grade

Ninth Grade

Tenth Grade

The above colors have not been arbitrarily chosen. They are, in fact,

steeped in tradition. The colors of black, red and blue denoted the various

levels of hierarchy during the Koguryo and Silla Dynasties. A half black

and half white belt is used for the junior black belt holder.

MEANING OF BELT COLORS White —Signifies innocence, as that of a beginning student who has no

previous knowledge of Taekwon-Do.

Yellow—Signifies the Earth from which a plant sprouts and takes root as

the Taekwon-Do foundation is being laid.

Green —Signifies the plant's growth as the Taekwon-Do skill begins to

develop.

Blue — Signifies the Heaven, towards which the plant matures into a

towering tree as training in Taekwon-Do progresses.

Red — Signifies danger, cautioning the student to exercise control

and warning the opponent to stay away.

Black— Opposite of white, therefore, signifying the maturity and рго-

ficiency in Taekwon-Do. It also indicates the wearer's im-

perviousness to darkness and fear.

181

How to fold the do bok

1, Fold at the center 2. Fold on the third

vertically. of the lower part.

4. Place the

folded pants on

the shirt so the

waist overlaps the

collar.

3. Fold again at the center.

5. Fold one side

inward first.

182

6. Fold the sleeve at the center.

Г]

7. Fold the opposite side inward. q

8. Fold the opposite sleeve

at the center.

10. Fold again in

half.

9. Fold the shirt at the center

12. Tie the belt with a square

knot

И. Place the center of the

folded belt at the center of the

folded do bok.

How to tie the belt.

1. Hold the belt at the 2. Place the belt on the

center. umbilicus. 3. Wrap it to the ribs.

4. Cross it at the back keeping

the belt held with the left hand

under the other to prevent the

belt from being twisted.

5. Bring the left hand to the

abdomen, keeping it as it is.

184

6. Cross the right end over 7. Tighten it with a square 8. Both ends should be of the

the belt at the umbilicus. knot, same length.

INCORRECT INCORRECT

The belt is twisted. Both ends are not even

185

TRAINING AIDS (Dallyon Goo).

Taekwon-Do, like any other sport, requires certain training aids to

augment basic expertise.

These aids are invaluable in helping create skill and power with a

minimum of time and effort.

Front View

Forging Post (Ра/уол Joo)

The single best method for toughening

the hands and feet while aquiring methods

of punching, thrusting, striking and kicking

is a forging post.

It is also quite effective for developing

speed, accuracy, breath control, concept of

the point of focus and posture.

There are four types of forging posts:

indoor and outdoor fixed posts, a movable

type, a portable type and a mounted type.

186

Directions for Making a Forging Post

Any type of straight square timber will suffice. The length of the post

will vary according to the purpose for which it is to be used and the size of

the student. Generally, it is approximately seven feet high for an outdoor

post and five feet for an indoor post. The thickness at the bottom of the

post is about twelve centimeters for outdoor, eight centimeters for indoor,

and seven centimeters for a portable board. The back of the post should be

beveled from the top to the bottom until the top is three centimeters in

width. In this way, the post can preserve its resilience, preventing bone

and sinew damage during practice.

Straw Pad (Jip Byogae)

This was used exclusively in the past and is still quite popular. One

disadvantage, however, is that since it offers a tough surface, it hampers

the speed and accuracy of newer students. The student will soon find that

if he does not pull his punches, the attacking tool will be cut or bruised ina

very short time. Total length of the pad is twenty-four centimeters;

thickness, five centimeters; and width, nine centimeters. Wrap the straw

bundle tightly with braided straw rope.

Sponge Pad (Sponge Byogae)

This is recommended for beginners. Once the student has toughened

his attacking tools, he can then advance to a straw pad. The total length of

the pad is twenty centimeters; thickness, six centimeters; and width, nine

centimeters. The pad should be covered with canvas.

187

How to Install

Fixed Type (Gojongsik)

For an outdoor forging post, dig a hole on level ground. Bury the

thickest part in the ground until the top of the post reaches slightly above

the solar plexus. Reinforce the buried portion with bricks, stones or

crossed bars. The top of the post should be flexible enough to move back

and forth three to five centimeters when pushed with both hands. Attach

the pad on the unbeveled side of the post, fastening both ends tightly with

a thin rope so that the center of the pad reaches the solar plexus.

The post should be fixed so that it leans slightly toward the user. For

foot and low kick training, an additional pad can be attached to the lower

portion of the post. Instructors should install posts of varying sizes for

students.

Outdoor post

For an indoor post, fasten а concrete block to the bottom of the floor,

reinforcing the bottom portion of the post while placing a squared timber

against the wall. Insert the post between the concrete block and squared

timber, securing the timber with a bolt to prevent movement. A wooden

platform can then be built over the concrete block. The concrete block

should not be any more than ten by ten centimeters, and the height and

width of the squared timber should measure thirty by thirty centimeters

and ten centimeters thick.

Indoor Post

Wooden Floor

The fixed type forging post, can also serve as a power indicator.

The further the post is pushed back when punched or kicked, the

greater the power. It is suggested, however, that students use

caution when using the forging post. A broken knuckle or tibia bone

will set a student's training back weeks or months.

Movable Type (/dong Shik)

Make a hole on the wooden base, placing two square timbers as

illustrated. Put the forging post into the hole, then cover the wooden base

with plywood. Support the back side of the post with a square timber. The

size of the wooden base can vary, but the dimensions are usually seven

feet by seven feet and the thickness, around ten centimeters. This allows

the post to be moved freely and the user to practise with any stance. Both

the post and the pad are made in exactly the same method as that of the

fixed type with one exception; the bottom ten centimeters are not beveled.

Г spring 2cm

tom

190

Portable Type (Heudae Shik)

Any kind of hardwood will suffice. The size can be flexible but the

usual standard size is thirty centimeters in length, eight centimeters in

width and nine centimeters in thickness. Here are some additional hints

for construction:

1. Fix a spring between the wooden tooth so resilience can be preserved. 2. Put a five-millimeter thick sponge rubber pad on the punching

surface, covering it with canvas to prevent bone damage during

practice.

3. Make a hole on the back side of it so it can be hung on a peg.

191

ores

INCORRECT The fist reaches the pad in an arc rather than a

straight line. Strain is, therefore, put on the

bent wrist.

INCORRECT Since the tree does not offer any гезШепее, the

muscles in the arm and shoulder can be strained.

An added disadvantage is that since it is im-

possible to punch hard, the student fails to build

punching speed.

Mounted Туре (O/lyo Nonnun Shik)

This device is basically a forging post mounted on a wooden stand

and is very useful for toughening knife-hand, back fist, side fist and back

heel.

1. Fix two springs on each side of the rung to provide the necessary

resilience.

2. Extra rungs can be added for height adjustment.

10 cm 26 cm

-- —_ >

3 см +

Spring

30 ems | к 40 ст A

Sem 10 cm

Side View Front View

How to Use (Sayong Вор)

The forging post must always be regarded as an actual stationary

target and faced in a proper well-balanced stance. The basic principles

are:

194

1. The opposite fist should be withdrawn at a greater speed than the

punching fist.

2. Do not ИЯ the heel off the ground more than necessary at the start

of the punch

3. Keep the back straight and the heel firmly contacted with the

ground at the moment of the punch.

4. Concentrate maximum strength at the moment of impact, focusing

at а point one centimeter inside the pad

5. Exhale the breath sharply at the moment of impact, inhaling when

withdrawing the attacking tool.

6. Turn the hip toward the same direction as the attacking tool witha

slight shift of body weight.

7. Avoid a pushing or weak punching motion. This not only reduces

speed but also develops a weak posture and improper focus.

8. At the moment of impact, freeze the punch for a split second

Side View

Forefist (Ap Joomuk)

The punching exercise is performed in many ways and with various

stances; i.e. punch with parallel or sitting stance, obverse punch with а

walking stance, reverse punch with an L-stance etc.

Below are the most typical ones:

Parallel Stance Punch (Narani So Jirugi) .

This is for very beginners to acquire accuracy and method of

punching with correct posture while toughening the skin of knuckles.

The distance between the toes

and the pad is one full arm’s

length. The small toe of the left

foot forms a straight line with

the edge of the post.

Punch with the right fist

while pulling the left fist to

the hip.

Move the left foot to D to form

a parallel stance, extending

the left fist horizontally while

pulling the right fist to the hip

195

Sitting Stance Punch (Annun So Jirugi)

This method together with the parallel stance punch is widely used

for beginners, for both fists have equal chance to be trained without

changing the position of the feet.

The distance between the toes

and the pad is one full arm’s

length based on a long fist.

Move the left foot to D.

Punch with the right fist while

pulling the left fist to the hip

Move the right foot to С, form-

ing а sitting stance while ex

tending the left fist.

Walking Stance Obverse Punch (Gunnun So Baro Jirugi)

This is also widely used for beginners to improve accuracy, correct

stance and method of punching as well as toughening the skin of the

knuckles.

The small toe of the left foot

forms a straight line with the

edge of the post. The distance

between the toes and the post

is about five centimeters.

Move the left foot to B to form

a right walking stance toward

Punch with the right fist while

pulling the left fist to the hip.

197

Walking Stance Reverse Punch (Gunnun So Bandae Jirugi)

This is used at all levels for developing speed, posture and breath

control as well as the concept of the point of focus and so on.

The distance between the toes

and the post is about five centi-

meters. The small toe of the

right foot forms a straight line

with the edge of the post.

Move the right foot to B to

form a left walking stance

toward A while executing a

low block with the left

forearm.

Punch with the right fist while

pulling the left fist to the hip.

Front View

198

L-Stance Obverse Punch (Niunja So Baro Jirugi)

Like a walking stance reverse punch this is a very popular punch at all

levels,

Place the balls of the feet on

line D, leaving half a foot of

B A space between the post and the

right foot

Move the right foot to B, form-

v ing a right L-stance toward A

B A while extending the left fist

| horizontally.

Punch with the right fist while

pulling the left fist to the hip.

Top View

199

L-Stance Reverse Punch (Niunja So Bandae Jirugi)

Take a close stance on line facing B

so that the big toe of the right foot

forms a straight line with the

edge of the post. The distance

between the post and the toes is

half a foot.

Move the left foot to A to

form a left L-stance toward

NOTE; The opposite fist is considered pulled to

the hip throughout this chapter unless

special directions are given Punch with the right fist while pulling

the left fist to the hip.

200

Sitting Stance Side Punch (Annun So Yop Jirugi)

в ВА

The distance between

the right foot and the

post is one foot in

length.

Move the left foot to A to form Punch with the right fist.

a sifting stance toward С.

B -€} A

X-Stance Side Punch (Kyocha So Yop Jirugi)

[

Distance between the post and Cross the left foot over the Punch with the right fist.

the right foot is one full arm’s right foot, forming a right X-

length based on я flat stance, fingertip.

201

Walking Stance Upset Punch (Gunnun So Dwijibo Jirugi)

Distance between the Move the left foot to A to form Punch with the right fist.

toes and the pad is one a left walking stance.

full arm’s length.

X-Stance Upset Punch (Kyocha So Dwijibo Jirugi)

Distance between the

Cross the left foot over the Punch with the right fist,

toes and the pad is one right foot to form a right X- bringing the left side fist in

shoulder width and the stance. front of the right shoulder.

small toe of the right

foot forms a straight line

with the edge of the post.

202

L-Stance Upset Punch (Niunja So Dwijibo Jirugi)

А В

Place the back soles of Move the right foot to A to Punch with the right fist, brin-

the feet on line C, leav- form a right L-stance. ging the left side fist in front of

ing half a foot of space the right shoulder.

between the post and the

right foot.

Forward Stepping Punch with a Walking Stance

The distance between Punch with the right fist. Punch with the left fist.

the post and the foot is

one full length of the stance and the small toe of the left foot forms a straight line with the edge of the post.

203

Note

Special attention should be paid to the fact that the

unit “foot” used in this chapter is not based on a 12

inch measure. It is to adjust to the varying sizes of

the students based on a measure equal to the

individual's foot length

Walking stance punch

Punches while running.

204

‘ | One more foot is added for

with double stepping. double stepping.

Walking stance obverse punch.

Take a close stance on line

‘ > « D facing A. The small toe of

The distance between the ball the right foot forms a ‘

of the foot and the post is one straight line with the edge

full length of the stance. of the post.

L-stance obverse punch

Walking stance obverse punch

L-stance reverse punch

205

Miscellaneous Methods of Ра//уоп

The student of Taekwon-Do should expect and have the ability to

repel an attack from any direction. Heretofore, this book has emphasized

precise motions that must be followed in the exercises. This does not

mean, however, that in actual combat a student must always deliver his

punch from the hip. Circumstances may not permit him to do so.To

augment the fundamental attacking techniques already explained in this

book, the following punching methods utilizing various stances are also

presented to the student.

The punch is delivered from

the chest area.

The punch is delivered from

the armpit area.

206

Sitting stance turning

punch

Walking stance crescent

punch

Downward punch

In all instances, it is best that the student clench his fist slightly rather than tightly at the

beginning of a punch, gradually tightening while propelling the punch, then fully tightening

it at the moment of impact.

208

Rear foot stance middle

ckle fist punch

knu

209

Knife-Hand (Son Kal)

It is executed in four ways: outward, front, inward and

downward.

Outward Strike (Bakuro Taerigi)

It is mainly performed with walking, sitting, |,

vertical, parallel and close stances.

Sitting Stance

Place the balls of the feet on Turn the back sole of the right

line C, leaving a quarter of a foot inward about 25 degrees

foot space between the post to form a sitting stance while

and the foot. crossing the right back fore-

arm over the opposite arm.

210

Walking Stance

Place the right foot on line С

facing D so that the small toe

contacts with the edge of the

post.

Strike with the right knife-

hand

Turn the back sole of the right

foot outward about 15 degrees

to form a right walking stance

and keep the right back Гоге-

arm over

crossing

the other while

Strike with the right knife-

hand

211

L-Stance

Take a close stance so that the

small toe of the right foot forms a

straight line with the edge of the

post. The distance between the

post and the small toe is about a

quarter of a foot,

Move into a left L-stance turning

the back sole of the right foot

outward about 15 degrees.

Strike with the right knife-

hand.

Front View

212

Vertical Stance

Same as in the case with L-stance but the space between the foot and the post is one foot.

Take a close stance facing D so

that the small toe of the right

foot forms a straight line with

the edge of the post.

Move the left foot to C to form

a left vertical stance toward D

while crossing the forearms in

front of the chest.

Strike with the right knife-harid.

213

Parallel Stance

Place the balls of the feet on

line C, leaving one and a

half feet of space between

the right foot and the post.

Move the left foot to form a

parallel stance toward BD

while turning the back sole of

the right foot inward about 35

degrees.

Stike with the right knife-

hand.

214

Close Stance

Take a sitting stance, placing the

back soles of the feet on line D.

The distance between the right

foot and the post is two feet.

D Turn the back sole of the right

imp, foot inward about 35 degrees

<; while forming а close stance

toward AC.

Strike with the right knife-

hand.

215

Front Strike (Ap Jaerigi)

It is performed mainly with walking, sitting, parallel, X and close

stances. The attacking tool must stay at the center of the body at the

moment of impact.

Walking Stance

Place the back soles of the feet on line A 30 that the small toe of the right foot contacts with the edge of the post. Move into a left walking

stance.

Sitting Stance

The distance between the toes Move into a sitting stance,

and the post is one foot. spreading both feet equally.

216

X-Stance

The distance between the right

——— as ; foot and the post is one full arm’s

basins Pearse oer wt length, and the big toe of the right

and, bringing the left back . 4 Е

Е foot forms а straight line with the hand in front of the

edge of the post.

forehead.

A B

Cross the left foot over the

right foot to form a right X-

stance,

Strike with the right knife-

hand, bringing the left palm on

the right under forearm.

Strike with the right knife-

hand, bringing the left

palm on the right elbow

joint.

217

Parallel Stance

Take a close stance so

that the small toe of the

right foot forms a

straight line with the

edge of the post, and the

distance between the

s Ss one

т a аи Move the right foot to В to Strike with the right knife-hand.

form a parallel stance.

Close Stance

Strike with the right knife-

D Move the left foot to the right hand, bringing the left palm

foot to form a close stance. over the right elbow joint.

The distance between

the toes and the pad is

one foot. The right big

toe forms a straight line

with the edge of the post.

218

Inward Strike (Anuro Taerigi)

К is performed with L, walking, sitting, parallel, X and, close stances.

Both the method and procedure are the same as in the case of front strike

but the position of the hands, and the center of the pad comes to about the

same level as the shoulder instead of the solar plexus.

L-Stance

An obverse strike is normal.

Take a close, leaving half a

1} foot of space between the right

A foot and the post. The big toes

form a straight line with the

edge of the post.

Move the right foot to BD

D forming a right L-stance

$ toward АС.

Strike with the right knife-hand

while bringing the left side fist in

front of the right shoulder.

219

Walking Stance

A reverse strike is more effective.

Place the back soles of the feet

on line A, leaving half a foot of

space between the post and the

right foot.

Move the right foot to D, form-

ing a left walking stance

toward C.

Strike with the right knife-

hand.

220

Parallel Stance

Sitting Stance

Close Stance

The distance between the toes

and the post is one foot and

from the right foot to line D is

one and a half feet.

Move the right foot to B to

form a sitting stance while

striking with the right knife-

hand,

X- Stance

221

Downward Strike (Naeryo Taerigi)

It can be performed with nearly every stance, though close, vertical

and walking stances are the most frequently used.

The strike is executed either toward the front or the side. Reverse strike

is normal for vertical and walking stances.

Close Stance

The attacking tool reaches the target in either a circular

motion or a straight line.

Knife-hand reaches the target

in a circular motion,

Knife-hand reaches the

target in a straight line.

Vertical Stance

The attacking tool reaches the target

in a circular motion only.

Move the left foot to form a left Strike with the right knife-hand.

vertical stance.

Walking Stance

The attacking tool can reach the

target in a straight line only.

Move the left foot forward to Strike with the right knife-

form a left walking stance. hand.

223

REVERSE KNIFE-HAND (Sonkal Dung)

Both the method and procedure are also the same as in the case

of knife-hand. However, the distance between the post and feet is

slightly shorter. This can be executed in three ways, outward, front

and inward

Outward Strike (Bakuro Taerigi)

This is performed chiefly with walking, Land

rear foot stances. Obverse strike with a walking

stance and reverse strike with an L or rear foot

stance is common.

Walking Stance

Cc С у

Strike with the right

reverse knife-hand.

Place back soles of the feet Move the left foot to C to form

on line B so that the right a right walking stance toward

foot contacts with the post. :

224

L- Stance

B | А

Strike with the right reverse

knife-hand.

Place the balls of the feet on line A so

that the small toe of the right foot

contacts with the post.

Move the left foot to D, forming a left

L-stance toward С.

Rear Foot Stance

—same as in the case of L-

stance.

Front Strike (Ap 7aerigi)

Both the method and procedure are the same as in the case of knife-

hand front strike but the distance between the post and the feet is slightly

greater.

It is performed mainly with walking X-and sitting stances. A reverse strike is normal in the case ot walking stance.

Walking Stance

Stitting Stance

The distance between the

toes and the post is one full

arm’s length and the big toe

of the right foot forms a

straight line with the edge

of the post.

Cross the left foot over the Strike with the right re-

right foot to form a right X- verse knife-hand, bringing

stance. the left side fist in front of

the right shoulder.

226

Inward Strike (Anuro Taerigi)

It is more frequently used than outward strike and is performed

mainly with walking, L-and sitting stances.

Both the method and the procedure are the same as in the case of

knife-hand inward strike. However, the distance between the post and the

feet is slightly shorter. Reverse strike is also normal for L-and walking

stances.

Walking Stance

D Place the balls of the feet on

line A, leaving half a foot of

space between the right foot

and the post.

B | с

Move the right foot to D to

form a left walking stance.

Strike with the right

reverse knife-hand.

227

Strike with the right re-

verse knife-hand.

228

Sitting Stance

The distance between the small

toe of the right foot and the edge

of the post is one foot and from

toes to line AB is one full arm's

length.

Move the right foot to В to form a

sitting stance.

L-Stance It is better to bring the

opposite side fist in front of

the shoulder while striking.

Back Fist (Dung Joomuk)

Itcan be performed with nearly every stance, though walking, vertical,

L, X-and sitting stances are the most popular. The strike is executed in two

ways, outward and downward.

Both the method and the procedure are the same as in the cases of

knife-hand outward and downward strikes. However, the distance

between the post and the feet is slightly shorter.

Outward Strike

Walking Stance Sitting Stance L-Stance

Downward Strike

X-Stance Stitting Stance Vertical Stance

Side Fist (Yop Joomuk)

It is executed in three ways: outward, inward and downward. Both

the method and the procedure are the same as in the case of knife-hand.

OUTWARD STRIKE

The right back forearm comes over the

opposite forearm to cross when striking with the

Sitting Stance right side fist and vice-versa.

Inward Strike X-Stance

Sitting Stance

230

DOWNWARD STRIKE

Walking Stance

The right back forearm comes under the

opposite forearm to cross when striking with the

right side fist in a circular motion and vice-versa.

Parallel Stance

Cireular motion

Straight line

Vertical Stance Circular motion

Parallel Stance

Straight line

Side Elbow Thrust (Yop Pafkup Tu/gi)

It is performed with chiefly L and rear foot stances. Be sure to pull the

opposite fist to the hip while thrusting.

Place the balls of the feet on

line B leaving half a foot of

space between the post and

the right foot.

L- Stance

Move the left foot to B to

form а right

toward B.

Rear Foot Stance

L-stance

Keep both back fists faced

upward.

Thrust with the right elbow

Back Elbow Thrust (Dwit Ра/Кир Tu/gi)

It is performed mainly with sitting and parallel stances, occasionally a

diagonal or close stance. Be sure to bring the finger belly of the opposite

hand to the forefist while thrusting.

The distance between back

heels and the pad is half a foot.

The small toe of the left foot

contacts with line AB.

Move the left foot to C to form

a sitting stance.

Thrust with the right back

elbow.

233

Front Elbow Thrust (Ap Ра/Кир Tulgi)

It is performed chiefly with a walking stance and is executed in the

form of a reverse strike. Be sure to press the side fist with the opposite

palm when striking.

Place the back soles of the feet

on line D. The distance be-

tween the post and the right

foot is one foot.

Move the right foot to B to

form a left walking stance,

extending the left fist

horizontally.

Strike with the right front

elbow, pressing the right side

fist with the left palm.

Palm (Son Badak)

It is chiefly performed with a sitting stance, occasionally a walking

stance and is executed in two ways, front and inward. Both the method

and procedure are the same as in the case of reverse knife-hand. However,

the distance between the post and the feet is slightly shorter.

FRONT STRIKE

The opposite side fists normally brought in front of the shoulder

Г 3

в А

Inward Strike

Sitting Stance Walking Stance

Straight Fingertip (Sun Sonkut)

It is mostly performed with a walking stance and is executed in stepping motion.

An obverse thrust is normal, occasionally a reverse thrust.

The distance between the big toe

of the right foot and line CD is half

a foot at the moment of the

thrust.

Parallel stance

Flat Fingertip

It is chiefly performed with a parallel stance but

occasionally sitting and close stances.

236

Footsword (Ва/Ка!)

Back Нее! (Dwitchook)

Reverse turning kick

7 ft

}

Downward kick

Note: The foregoing procedures and methods for right hand and

foot training are directly applicable to the corresponding left

parts, and the training for left hand or foot is executed

conversely. Miscellaneous parts of the attacking and block-

ing tools such as bow wrist, open fist, instep and forearm ean

also be trained with the forging post.

When any part of the attacking or blocking tool is

injured or the skin is broken, it is wise to focus the blow in

front of the post before actual contact or train another

attacking or blocking tool.

Forging Вад (Dail/yon Bag)

There are two sizes of forging bags, large and small. Both of them are

excellent training aids, though used for slightly different purposes. The

large bag is used mainly for kicking but occasionally punching and

striking while the small one is used primarily for flying techniques of the

foot and hand.

A forging bag is a must for any training hall. The bag can be a

stationary target or swung to represent a moving target. It is an ideal aid for

perfecting timing and focus. The bag, if used correctly, can expedite the

strengthening of leg and foot as well as arm muscles

Large Bag

Directions for making a bag

The bag should be designed to fit

one’s choice. It can be made from

any material, utilizing nearly any

stuffing. Here are some suggestions

for an ideal forging bag:

1. The bag should be made of leather

or durable canvas, 1 meter 20

centimeters long by 45 centime-

ters in diameter for a large bag,

and 45 centimeters longby 25

Small bag

centimeters in diameter for a small

bag.

. Ат least 80 percent of the bag

should be filled with sawdust.

. Canvas or leather patches can be

sewn (double stitched) around

the mouth of the bag. Iron rings

can then be passed through to link

with the chain for the large bag

and ordinary rope for the small

bag which serves as a handle.

241

Pushing Ready to kick Side piercing kick

Turning kick

Front snap kick Back piercing kick

How to Install

Hang the bag by hooking the handle to a hook suspended from the

ceiling. The base of the bag should come to the height of the abdomen.

The hook should be attached to either a chain or strong hemp rope which

is passed through the rollers on the ceiling. This will enable the bag to be

pulled smoothly up and down to adjust for any type of kicking, punching

or striking. A small bag can be dropped from the ceiling at any height,

according to how it will be used.

Use of the Bag

For flying kicks, pull the big bag up to at least chest height. The kick

should be directed to a point of focus in the center of the bag. For best

results, execute running flying kicks from a distance of at least 15 feet.

Beginning students should exercise extreme caution in using a forging

bag for kicks and should not practice against a moving bag until given

permission by an instructor. The big bag is extremely effective for

developing power; the small bag, for speed and timing. Both bags can

also be used to train the hand parts.

243

Side thrusting kick

Reverse turning kick

Pushing

Front checking kick

Middle twisting kick

High twisting kick

Outward vertical kick Inward vertical kick

Side pushing kick

Forefist

Side punch

Knife-hand

Outward strike Inward strike

Reverse knife-hand

Back fist

247

Flying side piercing kick

Flying high side kick

Flying high turning kick

Flying turning kick

248

Flying back piercing kick

Flying back pushing kick

Flying reverse hooking kick

Flying inward vertial kick

Flying outward vertical kick

249

Twin foot front kick

Twin foot side kick

Two direction kick

Mid-air kick

Twin foot high kick

Flying high kick

‘Twin foot turning kick

Twin foot twisting kick

Twin foot reverse turning kick

251

Dodging side piercing kick

Dodging turning kick

Dodging reverse turning kick

252

Flying double side kick

Vertical

Horizontal

Flying double turning kiek

253

Flying side front kick Flying middle turning kick

Flying high twisting kick Flying side thrusting kick

Flying consecutive kick

Flying reverse hooking

and turning kick

Flying front punch

Flying side punch

Flying knife-hand side strike

Flying upset punch

255

Flying Double Side Punch

Both horizontal and vertical punches are possible.

Horizontal ly

Т T Г

First bag Second bag

256

Flying Double Front Punch

Only horizontal punch is possible.

First bag

First bag Second bag

Second bag

Side View

257

Flying triple punch can be executed from a single or twin first but only

horizontal punch is possible.

Single fist

Both front and side punches are possible.

00 0 о

Т j T

[Cid

258

Flying Knife-hand Double Side Strike.

Both vertical and horizontal strikes are possible.

First bag

Second bag

Flying consecutive strike

260 Second bag

Flying Consecutive Punch

First bag

Side View

Back fist

POH

Second bag

Knife-hand

261

Flying Combination Hand Attack

First bag

Back fist

Upset punch

Second bag

* 1. Flying knife-hand double strike can be executed only vertically and

triple strike is not logical.

Flying back fist strike can be executed both horizontally and

vertically however tripe strike is not practical.

3. Flying combination hand attack can be executed w ith any combi-

nation of tools and methods;

е. и. front punch with back fist side strike, knife-hand inward strike

with side punch or double side punch with back fist front strike and

so оп.

262

Dodging Punch

Knife-hand side strike

Dodging strike

Back fist side strike

263

Air Shield (Gongi Bangpae)

This is a useful training aid for kicking without injuries for beginning students.

Focus Shield (Chotjum Bangpae)

This particular training aid is used for beginning students to get focus on the proper

264

Forging Pendulum (Оба//уоп Gune)

This training aid is used primarily to practice timing of blocks and

kicks after jumping over it. Advanced students may use this aid for

toughening the hand and foot parts.

Directions for Making:

1.The pendulum should be made of bamboo or any type of light

wood, wound tightly with straw rope. The pendulum should be

six feet long and one foot in diameter.

2. Fasten both ends of the pendulum tightly with linen ropes. These ropes

will also serve as handles.

3. The handles are linked by hooks which are dropped from the ceiling.

265

266

Jumping over

Vertical kick

Flying side kick

267

BLOCKING APPARATUS (Makgi Dae)

This is an effective device designed to supplement blocking,

hooking, pulling, punching, thrusting, and kicking excercises.

The blocking apparatus is especially a valuable device for

developing powerful and rapid blocking and counter-attacking

techniques. Although this aid can be made in various ways according

to individual preference, listed below are some helpful suggestions.

1. The height of the post is 2 meters and 15 centimeters in

diameter

2. The lower portion of the post (1.5 meters) is wound with

sponge pad and covered with thin bamboo or straw ropes,

and the upper portion with sraw ropes.

3. The total length of the bar is 1.8 meters and the distance

between the post and the blocking bar 0.8 meter. Two thirds

of this bar is wound with straw ropes which serves as the

blocking area.

4. A weighing bag made with canvas and filled with sand is

attached to the opposite end of the bar, allowing it to move

up and down, and to the side when the bar is blocked.

5. The post and the bar are connected with a bolt which acts as

a pivot.

268

Pressing kick

Hooking block

Turning kick Low punch

269

271

Pullers (Da//yon -/00!)

This device is used for developing the leg muscles and foot techniques. 1. Affix two pullers to the ceiling four feet apart. 2. Pass a strong rope through the pullers, letting

both ends hang to the floor.

3. Each end of the rope is looped to hook the foot. 4. It is recommended that only green belt holders

and above use the pullers, since a certain

amount of flexibility must already exist in the

Student's legs. It is very easy for a beginner

student to damage leg muscles through im-

proper use.

Side rising kick

Side piercing kick

Dumbells (Aryong)

Although this could be considered

a helpful training aid for building

strength in the chest and arms for a

rather weak person, it is not recom-

mended as a regular exercise.

Weightlifting may produce an ad-

verse effect on the theory of force,

speed, concentration and focus.

Use of Dumbells

Lie on a bench and extend both arms to the sides. Bring

both arms above the chest in an arc motion.

273

Wooden Horse (Mok Ma)

This is mainly used for flying

exercises but can also be used to

develop shoulder, chest and arm

muscles.

Jar (Danji)

The sole purpose of a jar is to

develop grip. The size and weight of

the jar are optional. It should, how-

ever, have a straight mouth.

Use of the Jar:

1. Bend the last joints of the fingers

sharply, gripping with the

fingertips.

2.As the grip develops, add more

and more material such as sand,

pebbles to the jar.

Jump Rope (7wim Joo/)

This is quite helpful for promot-

ing speed, timing, agility and

breath control.

Stance Mould (Sogi Pan)

This is a simple model of various stances fixed on a flat board. Itis useful for

learning and reinforcing a correct stance. Actually, it is best touse a mirror as well.

Illustrations: 1. Sitting stance 5. Parallel stance 2. Left walking stance 6. Right rear foot stance

3. Left L-stance 7. Right vertical stance

4. Right X-stance

Right rear foot stance Left walking stance Left L-stance

Punching Ball (Da//yon Gong)

There are two types of punching balls. A long ball is used for kicking

and punching exercise; a round one, solely for kicking. This device is

particularly good for developing timing in hand and foot techniques.

How to Install

The long ball is usually attached to the wall of the training hall. The

bottom of the bal! should reach five feet off the ground. Though this can

be flexible according to the height of the user.

Punching Kicking

The round ball is fastened between the ceiling and the floor with

rubber or elastic thongs. This will make the ball flexible, allowing it to

move freely. The center of the ball should reach the student's armpit.

Middle twisting kick Flying front kick

Round ball

Back piercing kick Reverse turning kick

Round ball

Finger Toughening Box (Ра//уоп Tong)

The bow! is filled with rice initially, then the

contents are gradually replaced with sand. As

the fingers are toughened, the sand is replaced

with beans.

Foot Raising Bar (Dari Olligi

Dae)

278

Mirror (Ko Ul)

A mirror definitely helps the student to observe and improve his

techniques as learned from an instructor. Install full length mirrors on

walls or columns so that the student can correct mistakes immediately

before bad habits set in.

280

Power Holder (Gyokpa Dae)

This device is used to hold

boards, bricks or tiles for breaking

purposes. The advantage of the

holder is that the student can prac-

tice alone and eliminate the necess-

ity of one or two fellow students’

presence for holding purposes.

The holder consists of a wide and

а narrow side. The former holds

boards while the latter holds bricks

or tiles.

The height varies according to the

user, though four feet will usually be

the ideal height. The narrow side

must be covered with an iron sheet

so that the brick is held firmly.

Power Indicator (Wiryok Gi)

Before the advent of the power indicator, the only way one was able

to judge actual power was through the breaking of boards or bricks, One

of the drawbacks of this, however, was that the breaking ability of a

student in one part of a country could not be compared to a student's

ability in another part of the country. The reason for this is that the

consistency of boards and bricks varies from area to area. A student might

be able to break four or five pine boards yet not be able to break two pine

boards from a neighboring state.

Special Technique Holder (7ukgi Dae)

The purpose of this device is to hold the board chiefly for flying high

kick, overhead kick and so on, in particular, during competition.

For flying high kick

For flying side kick, flying turning kick, flying

reverse turning kick, mid-air kick, ete.

282

Dyna-strike

Dyna-strike serves as fixed and moving targets for all levels of

students. It can be punched or kicked harder with full speed as air

cushions the blows. It is also an ideal training aid for timing practice when

suspended on tree or ceiling. This device was developed by Han Cha Kyo

after years of research.

Stretchociser

Principle of the Stretchociser

is directly related to the muscle

development which affects per-

formance а great deal т

Taekwon-Do, particularly for а

front, side or back kick. The

value of Stretchociser is to pre-

vent injuries during training by

promoting flexibility of ten-

dons, joints and ligaments

while restoring muscle tone for

health as well as good appear-

ance. (Designed by J.C. Kim)

Primary Shock Absorber

11/4" of Ethatoam

Secondary Shock Absorber

712” of powerful

air bellow spring

283

IMPROVISED TRAINING AIDS

As shown in the illustrations, a simple piece

of paperor cloth suspended from the ceiling

can serve as a very effective training aid to

promote occuracy and speed. The object is to

move the cloth or paper through the force of

the blow without touching it.

Also a tree or a concrete pillar can be used as

a training aid for toughning the hand, though

this is recommended only to those who have

had years of training with the foregoing regular

aids since it may result in bone or skin damage.

CALISTHENICS (Dosoo Dallyon)

Calisthenics are very good and should be practised by all Taekwon-

Do students. They are far more beneficial than weightlifting, are excellent

for strengthening muscles and body tone, and can be safely practised by

all age groups.

1. Push Ups (Momtong Bachim)

This exercise is good for strengthen-

ing the forefist or fingertips and de-

veloping the chest and arms. Fists

should be clenched firmly during the

exercise. At first, do the push ups on a

soft surface, all the weight resting on

the first two knuckles. Gradually, do

the exercise on a wooden floor, then a

concrete floor or stone. Fingertips

Forefist

Soft surface

Hard surface

285

2. Leg Stretching (Dari Pyogi)

The purpose of this exercise is to develop and stretch the leg

muscles. A student should attempt to raise the leg to the highest

apex. There are three positions: standing, squatting, and sitting.

Squatting Position. Squat on the floor with arms extended

forward. Lean the body forward with the

knees spread apart. This leg is then stret-

ched sideways until the knee joint touches

the ground.

Standing Position

Extend both arms horizontally, kicking the palm

with the ball of the foot without bending the body or

knees.

INCORRECT

The knee of the station-

ary leg is bent too much.

286

Take a close stance, lifting Bend the body downward until INCORRECT

both arms straight upward. the palms reach the floor. Knees are bent.

Sit with both feet together, Bend the body downward until keeping the legs straight and the chest touches the knees hands placed on the knees. while holding the feet with

both hands.

287

Sit with the legs spread out straight, placing the

hands around the waist

Bend the body toward the left

until the right ear touches the

left knee cap while raising

both hands horizontally. The

same principle is applied in the

opposite direction.

Sit with the soles together and bring Bend the body downward until the

them close to the body while keeping forehead reaches the floor while hol-

the knees on the floor. ding the feet with both hands.

288

Sit with the legs spread out straight, placing both

hands on the knees.

Raise the hands upward.

Bend the body downward until the chin touches

the floor while stretching both hands forward

INCORRECT

Knees are not fully stretched

289

Knocking Exercise

Both forearms and knife-hands can be effectively toughened by

knocking against one another. This exercise can be practised alone or with

a fellow student. With a companion, there is the added advantage of

perfecting focus and timing. This exercise also promotes endurance and

tolerance, since each student should attempt to strike as hard as possible

and outlast the other. At the moment of knocking, both knife-hands or

forearms are crossed.

The term knocking has been applied here to eliminate confusion with

forging post striking exercises.

Forearm

Knife-hand

291

292

Forearm The methods used in forearm knock-

ing are exactly the same as knife-hand

motions, with one exception; the hand is

brought down to the level of the abdomen

at the moment of knocking, and the

outer and inner forearms are knocked

against each other alternately.

Toughening of knife-hand alone while on a chair.

The same principle is applicable to the forearm.

Knife-hand with а companion.

Forearm with a companion.

SYNOPSIS

The Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do consists of 15 volumes. The contents

of each volume is listed below:

VOLUME 1:

VOLUME I:

VOLUME Ш:

VOLUME IV:

VOLUME V:

VOLUME VI:

VOLUME VII:

294

1) Origin and Development of Martial Arts

2) History of Taekwon-Do

3) Moral Culture

4) Philosophy

5) Training Schedule

6) Cycle and Composition of Taekwon-Do

7) Demonstration

A) Model Sparring

B) Pre-arranged Free Sparring

C) Sample of Self-defence Techniques

8) About the Author

9) Group photos

1) Theory of Power

2) Attacking and Blocking Tools

3) Vital Sports

4) Training

A) Training Hall

B) Conduct in Do Jang

C) Training Equipment

D) Practice Suits

5) Stances

6) Training Aids

Hand Techniques

Foot Techniques

Sparring

Fundamental Exercises (A)

Fundamental Exercises (B)

VOLUME VIII:

VOLUME Ix:

VOLUME x:

VOLUME XI:

VOLUME ХИ:

VOLUME ХШ:

VOLUME XIV:

VOLUME XV:

1) Four-Direction Punch

2) Four-Direction Block

3) Pattern Chon-Ji

4) Pattern Dan-Gun 5) Pattern Do-San 1) Pattern Won-Hyo 2) Pattern Yul-Guk 3) Pattern Joong-Gun

1) Pattern Toi-Gae

2) Four-Direction Thrust

3) Pattern Hwa-Rang

4) Pattern Choong-Moo

1) Pattern Gwang-Gae

2) Pattern Po-Eun

3) Pattern Ge-Baek

1)Pattern Eui-Am

2) Pattern Choong-Jang

3) Pattern Juche

1) Pattern Sam-ll 2) Pattern Yoo-Sin 3) Pattern Choi-Yong

1) Pattern Yon-Gae

2)~Pattern Ul-Ji

3) Pattern Moon-Moo

1) Pattern So-San

2) Pattern Se-Jong 3) Pattern Tong-ll

295

INDEX

A — -

air shield (gonggi bangpae) 264

angle fingertip (homi sonkut) 68

arc-hand (bandal son) 70

attacking end blocking tolls 49-84

attention stance (charyot sogi) 160

back fist (dung joomuk) 61 back hand (sondung) 70 back heel (dwichook) 80 back sole (dwitkumchi) 79 back tibia (dwit gyonggol) 84 ball of the foot (apkumchi) 77 base of knife-hand (зопка! batang) 74 bear hand (gomson) 74 bending ready stance (guburyo junbi

sogi) 165

bending stance (guburyo sogi) 155 blocking apparatus (makgi dae) 268 blocking tools (makgi boowi) 52-84 bow wrist (sonmokdung) 75 breath control (hohup jojul) 31

calisthenics (dosoo dallyon) 285 close ready stance (moajunbi sogi) 163

close stance (moa sogi) 135

concentration (jip joong) 20

conduct in do jang 172 crouched stance (oguryo sogi) 152

courtesy (ye ui) 8,9,10

diagonal stance (sasun sogi) 151 double fingertip (doo sonkarak) 69

dumbells (aryong) 273

dynamic stability (dongtchuk anjong) 28

dyna-strike 283

296

equilibrium (kyun hyung) 24-30

explanation of tenets 10-12

finger belly (songarak badak) 75

finger pincers (jipge son) 74

finger toughening box (dallyon tong) 278

fixed stance (gojung sogi) 146

focus shield (chotjum bangpae) 264

foot parts (ha bansin) 76-82

forearm (palmok) 71

back forearm (dungpalmok) inner forearm (anpalmok) outer forearm (bakatpalmok) under forearm (mitpalmok)

forefinger (han sonkarak) 69

foot-raising bar (dari olligi dae) 278

footsword (balkal) 78

forefist (ap joomuk) 53-59

fore-knuckle fist (inji joomuk) 63

forging bag (dallyo bag) 241

how to use 243

forging pendulum (dallyon gune) 265-267

forging post (dallyo joo) 186

how to use 194

hand parts (sang bansin) 53-75

head (mori) 83

forehead (ima) 83 occiput (hudoo) 83

improvised training aids 284

indomitable spirit (baekjul bool-gool) 8,9,12

instep (baldung) 81

inner ankle joint (anbalmok gwanjol) 83

inner tibia (angyong gol) 84

integrity (yom chi) 8,9,11

jar (danji) 275

jump rope (twim jool) 275

knee (moorup) 79

knife-hand (sonkal) 64

knuckle fist (sonkarak joomuk) 63

1-stance (niunja sogi) 141-145

long fist (ghin joomuk) 62

low stance (nacho sogi) 159

mass (zilyang) 35-37 micellaneous parts (gita boowi) 82-84

middle knuckle fist (jungji joomuk) 63

mirror (koul) 279

one-leg stance (waebal $09!) 154 open fist (pyun joomuk) 62 open ready stance (palja junbi sogi) 162

outer ankle joint (bakat balmok gwanjol) 83

outer tibia (bakat kyonggol) 84

palm (sonbadak) 62

parallel ready stance (narani junbi sogi) 161

parallel stance (narani sogi) 136

perseverence (innae) 8,9,11

power holder (gyokpa dae) 280

power indicator (wiryok gi) 281

practise suit (dobok) 176-185

blet (ti) 180,181

how to fold the do bok 182, 183

how to tie the belt 184,185

press finger (giap) 74 pullers (dallyon jool) 272 punching ball (dallyon gong) 277

reaction force (bandong ryok) 15-19

ready stance (junbi sogi) 160

attention stance 160

close ready stance 163,164

open ready stance 162

bending ready stance 165

walking ready stance 164

rear foot stance (twitbal sogi) 157,158

relation of attacking tool and vital spots

100-129

reverse footsword (balkal dung) 82

reverse knife-hand (sonkaldung) 68

section of the body (mom dungboon) 90

self-control (guk gi) 8,9,12

shin (jong kwaeng-i) 84

shoulder (eukke) 83

side instep (yop baldung) 81

side sole (yop balbadak) 82

sitting stance (annun sogi) 148-150

special technique holder (tukgi dae) 272

speed (sokdo) 38-41

speed and reflex (sokdo wa banung) 42-47

stance (sogi) 135-167

bending stance 155 close stance 135 crouched stance 152 diagonal stance 151 fixet stance 146-147 I-stance 141-145 low stance 159 one-leg stance 154 open stance 137 parallel stance 136 rear foot stance 157,158 sitting stance 148-150

297

vertical stance 156 walking stance 138-140

stance mould (sogi pan) 276

static stability (jungtchuk anjong) 28

straight fingertip (sun sonkut) 68

stretchoiser 283

table of contents 5 Taekwon-Do jungshin 8 theory of power 14 thumb (umji) 69 thumb knuckle fist (umji joomuk) 63

thumb ridge (umji batang) 75

tibia (kyonggol) 84 toe edge (balgarak nal) 84 toes (balkut) 82 training (sooryon) 169 training aids (dallyon goo) 186

training equipment (sooryon jangbi) 174

training hall (do jang) 171-173

298

upset fingertip (dwijibun sonkut) 68

oi Vv —

vital spots (kupso) 88

vertical stance (soojik sogi) 156

walking ready stance (gunnun junbi

sogi) 164

walking stance (gunnun sogi) 138-140

wooden horse (mok ma) 274

x-stance (kyocha sogi) 153

299